高中英语高考复习句子成分知识讲解

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1、高考英语句子成分知识讲解1.主语（subject）句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或主语从句等担任（请看下表）Professor Wang is a wellknown scholar. （名词）I read newspaper every day. （代词）Three plus six is nine. （数词）To become a professor has been his ambition.（不定式）Smoking is harmful to health. （动名词）What we shall do ne

2、xt is not yet decided.（主语从句）2.谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作和状态通常由动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词+主要动词）担任，其位置在主语之后（请看下表）His mother is a doctor. （系动词）He smiled. （不及物动词）We played basketball yesterday. （及物动词）China has entered a great new era. （助动词+主要动词）You mustn't drive after drinking. （情态动词+主要动词）Tips：动词分类：实义动词（及物动词+不及物动词）

3、、连系动词、助动词、情态动词划重点！正确的所有英文句子，永远一定有且只有一个主谓语成分，谓语一定永远存在。因此，当分析长难句时，一定先要找到句子的主要谓语动词部分，再划分其他句子结构。例： She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.分析：句子主干：she found that.（found是谓语动词，that引导宾语从句：从

4、句里面的谓语是did and were likely to.并列结构）翻译：她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。3.宾语（object）表示及物动词的对象或内容。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、数词或与之相当的结构担任，其位置在及物动词或介词之后。Brent bought a computer last year. （名词）We help each other and learn from each other.（代词）I asked for six. （数词）They began to quarrel among

5、themselves. （不定式短语）Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? （动名词短语）We should heal the wounded and save the dying.（名词化的形容词或分词）I don t know where he has gone. （从句）4.表语（predicative）在连系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分通常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从句担任His father is a lawyer. （名词）This dictionary is mine，n

6、ot hers. （代词）Andy is always careless. （形容词）Is anybody in？/ My day's work is over. （副词）We are seven. （数词）She is in good health. （介词短语）All I could do was to wait. （不定式）Seeing is believing. （动名词）I'm really pleased with your work this term.（分词）The key question is how we should solve the problem. （从句）5.定语（attribute）用于限定或修饰名词或代词通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等担任前置定语：单词作定语通常放在被修饰语的前面后置定语

21.下列选项中,和文中画波浪线的句子所用修辞手法不同的一项是(3分)()A.羁鸟恋旧林,池鱼思故渊。B.霜禽欲下先偷眼,粉蝶如知合断魂。C.凉月如眉挂柳湾,月中山色境中看。D.羌笛何须怨杨柳,春风不度玉门关。