2022-2023北京市顺义区高二上学期期中英语试题（原卷版+ 解析版）考试试卷

顺义一中2022-2023学年度第一学期高二年级期中考试英语试卷
Ⅰ卷
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village was located near some wetlands which became his second home. He learned the value and beauty of ____1____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____2____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and caused great ____3____, which had driven away a number of birds.____4____, the number of snakes had decreased as well. He ____5____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____6____ during the daytime. He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and ____7____ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
Watering young plants in the dry season was ____8____ for a lone boy. Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to ____9____ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai _____10_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres (英亩) of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
2. A. valuable B. interesting C. worrying D. embarrassed
3. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
4. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
5. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
6. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
7. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
8. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
9. A. prevent B. reduce C. heat D. collect
10. A. returned B. learned C. continued D. failed
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。根据常识可知，湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人担心的事情。A. valuable珍贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. worrying令人担心的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据该段后半部分可知，洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人担心。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。根据语境及常识可知，洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据“as well”可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开，而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。根据后文“that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat.”可知，Molai意识到鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。根据常识可知，树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的“looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他“发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. prevent阻止；B. reduce减少；C. heat加热；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. continued继续；D. failed失败。根据后文“His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres (英亩) of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.”可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他会“继续”种树。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
(A)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
For a herder (放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job is searching for cattle ____11____ (lose) in the bush. But for Andrew, a herder at a farm in Zimbabwe, it’s not a problem. Once he ____12____ (spot) Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby. That’s because Toro isn’t an ordinary member of the herd. He’s a giraffe. In hot weather, cattle rest in the shade under his belly. And because of his ____13____ (high), Toro can spot lions long before they come close ____14____ the herd.
【答案】11. lost
12. spots 13. height 14. to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，在非洲的津巴布韦，一头长颈鹿Toro与牛群生活在一起，同吃同住，相处得非常和谐。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：对于非洲的牧民来说，工作中最困难的部分是寻找迷失在丛林中的牛群。由“Once he ___2__ (spot) Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby”可知，此处表示“工作中最困难的部分是寻找迷失在丛林中的牛群”，空格处意为“迷失的”，用形容词作后置定语，修饰cattle，“迷失的”的形容词是lost，故填lost。
【12题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一旦发现Toro，它就知道其他牛群就在附近。由knows可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语he是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填spots。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于它的身高，Toro可以在狮子接近牛群之前就发现它们。his后用名词作介词of的宾语，high的名词是height，意为“身高”，是不可数名词，故填height。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于它的身高，Toro可以在狮子接近牛群之前就发现它们。come close to是固定短语，意为“接近”，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。
(B)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I had never felt an earthquake until last week. There was a small earthquake ____15____ could hardly even be called an earthquake. I was not really ____16____ (frighten). To feel the earth move like that was just strange. Of course, it lasted only a few seconds. I have spoken to the local people since the event and luckily, there were no injuries or damage done by it. But if it had been a real earthquake, I think I would have felt quite ____17____ (different).
【答案】15. that##which
16. frightened
17. differently
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者在上周经历了一次小地震之后的感想。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：发生了一场小地震，几乎不能称之为地震。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词a small earthquake指的是物，所以此处使用that或者是which。故填that/which。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我并不是真的害怕。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，frighten的形容词为frightening意为“令人害怕的”和frightened意为“感到害怕的”，结和句意可知，此处表示的是“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：但如果这是一场真正的地震，我想我会有完全不同的感觉。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，different的副词为differently意为“不同地”符合句意。故填differently。
(C)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In ancient times, people held nature in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians ____18____ (believe), “Humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans”. However, as human beings master more knowledge, people try to change nature. They use more land ____19____ (make) buildings and capture some wild animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. Please remember: Nature is not the place to visit. It’s ____20____ (we) home.
【答案】18. believed
19 to make
20. our
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人与自然应该和谐相处。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：例如，美洲印第安人认为，“人类是自然的一部分，自然也是人类的一部分”。根据文章时间状语In ancient times可知，用一般过去时态。故填believed。
【19题详解】
考查不定式。句意：他们用更多的土地建造建筑物，捕获一些野生动物以满足自己的需要。use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事。故填to make。
【20题详解】
考查代词。句意：它是我们的家园。名词home前用形容词性物主代。故填our。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共16小题，每小题2分，共32分）
阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
A
New Jersey Botanical Garden Membership
It’s easy to join New Jersey Botanical Garden (NJBG) Membership or renew your membership online, by phone or by mail. And it’s so important to the Botanical Garden! Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational (娱乐的) activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!
To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and membership category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.
If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at (973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure (Adobe Acrobat PDF file).
★Join NJBG Today
Membership Category Individual Dual (两人共用) Student
Annual Dues $35 $60 $25
Special: Save $5 with Biennial Dues(两年会费) $60 $100 $40
★Renew Your Membership
Membership Category Individual Dual Student
Annual Dues $30 $50 $25
Special: Save $5 with Biennial Dues $50 $80 $40
The Botanical Garden started life as Skylands, a large area in the grand manner. It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion (公馆) designed by John Russell Pope. Skylands has 96 acres of formal and naturalized gardens and is surrounded by over 1,000 acres of meadows (草坪) and woodlands. Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984, the gardens contain approximately 5,000 species and varieties of trees and flowers.
For you, the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place to visit where you may enjoy each season’s best. Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures, and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and country gardeners.
Your NJBG membership offers you discounts at participating nurseries, garden centers and other fine businesses. Simply present your NJBG membership card when beginning your purchase:
· Goffle Brook Farm and Garden Center, (201) 652-7540
10% off your purchase
· Metropolitan Plant Exchange, (973) 638-7613
12% off your purchase
· Rohsler’s Allendale Nursery & Florist, (201) 327-3156
15% off your purchase
21. The NJBG membership dollars can be used to ___________.
A. offer further education B. update online payment
C. provide better service D. protect the environment
22. To join NJBG membership, you can call its office at ___________.
A. (201) 327-3156 B. (201) 652-7540
C. (973) 962-9534 D. (973) 638-7613
23. To renew the one-year membership for your parents, you need to pay ___________.
A. $50 B. $60
C. $80 D. $100
24. New Jersey Botanical Garden ___________.
A. was officially named in 1966
B. was designed by John Russell Pope
C. invites members to organize activities
D gives members discounts for their purchase
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一则广告，文章介绍了办理NJBG会员的费用、程序、联系方式和好处。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational (娱乐的) activities for the general public.可知，你的会员美元有助于改善花园，并为公众提供教育和娱乐活动。由此可知，NJBG会员美元可以用来提供更好的服务。故C项正确。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at (973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure (Adobe Acrobat PDF file).可知，如果您想通过电话或邮件加入，请致电NJBG办公室(973)962-9534或下载并发送我们的会员手册（Adobe Acrobat PDF文件）。故C项正确。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Renew Your Membership表格中Annual Dues一栏对应的Dual数值是$50可知，为父母续签一年的会员资格需要花费$50。故A项正确。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后部分中10% off your purchase，12% off your purchase和15% off your purchase可知，新泽西植物园在会员购买时能够打折。故D项正确。
【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1. 略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文是一篇广告，介绍了办理NJBG会员的费用、程序、联系方式和好处。
2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
3. 将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题4根据Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984,可知，新泽西植物园被官方命名的时间是1984年，A项错误。根据It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion (公馆) designed by John Russell Pope.可知，John Russell Pope设计的是Tudor Revival granite mansion不是新泽西植物园，B项错误。根据Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures, and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and country gardeners可知，会员们可以在新泽西植物园参加活动，而不是组织活动。C项错误。根据最后部分中10% off your purchase，12% off your purchase和15% off your purchase可知，新泽西植物园在会员购买时能够打折，故D项正确。
B
John Otway
John Otway has been playing music and making records in the UK for more than 40 years. Over the years he has released more than ten albums. He has played hundreds of concerts. He has written two autobiographies. He has worked with some of the country’s best musicians and he has even made a film about his life. But despite all of this, most people have never heard of him.
Otway released his first record in 1972, but it was the Punk Movement a few years later that really gave him his big chance. Otway wasn’t the greatest musician but his songs were always fun, and his performances on stage were always entertaining - there was a good chance he would fall off the stage at least once in each show. The punks liked him, and in 1977 he had a small hit when his single Really Free made it to No. 27 in the UK top 40 charts. Otway really enjoyed his success but unfortunately, no more came. Not one of his records over the next 30 years was a hit.
Although he never had much commercial success, Otway had a lot of very loyal fans. When someone asked him what he would like for his 50th birthday, his reply was: “A second hit.” His fans went out and bought as many copies of the new single Bunsen Burner as they could. And in October 2002, Otway finally saw his wish come true. In a chart that featured international superstars like Pink, Will Young and Oasis, Bunsen Burner made it to No. 9. Many high street shops refused to sell the record, saying that Otway was too old and unattractive for the teenage market. Otway didn’t care. He celebrated his success with an appearance on TV’s biggest music show Top of the Pops.
These days John Otway continues to play his music around the country, and there are always plenty of people who are happy to go and watch him perform. He’s a great example for anyone who loves making music. You don’t have to be young, good-looking (or even very talented) to enjoy a long career in the music business.
25. From paragraph 1, we know that ________.
A. John Otway has released hundreds of albums
B. John Otway never worked with best musicians
C. John Otway has written hundreds of autobiographies
D. John Otway is not well-known in the UK as a musician
26. John Otway saw his wish come true when he released ________.
A. Really Free B. Bunsen Burner
C. Top of the Pops D. his first record
27. Why were some street shops unwilling to sell his single Bunsen Burner
A. They thought it was terrible.
B. It wasn’t a very big hit.
C. John Otway didn’t want them to have it.
D. They thought teenagers would not like to buy it.
28 What can we learn from the passage
A. Musicians have to be young and attractive.
B Success isn’t important in our life.
C. We should be determined to do what we love.
D. Musicians do much better as they get older.
【答案】25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国音乐家John Otway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了John Otway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然John Otway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中But despite all of this, most people have never heard of him.可知尽管如此，大多数人从未听说过他。由此可知，John Otway在英国作为音乐家并不出名。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中His fans went out and bought as many copies of the new single Bunsen Burner as they could. And in October 2002, Otway finally saw his wish come true.可知他的粉丝们出去买了尽可能多的Bunsen Burner专辑。2002年10月，Otway的愿望终于实现了。由此可知，当John Otway发布Bunsen Burner专辑后，他的愿望实现了。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Many high street shops refused to sell the record, saying that Otway was too old and unattractive for the teenage market.可知许多商业街的商店拒绝出售这张唱片，说奥特威唱片太老了，对青少年市场没有吸引力。由此可知，一些街头商店不愿意卖他的Bunsen Burner专辑，因为他们认为青少年不会愿意买。故选D。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容主要讲述了英国音乐家John Otway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了John Otway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然John Otway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。可知由此可推知，从这篇文章中我们能了解到，我们应该下定决心去做我们喜欢做的事。故选C。
C
Garbage cans are not magical openings. Garbage does not disappear when you throw it in a can. Yet, the average American throws away about 1,600 pounds of waste each year. If there are no magical garbage fairies, where does it all go There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling, composting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. Let's take a quick look at each.
Recycling is the process of turning waste into new materials. For example, used paper can be turned into paperboard, which can be used to make book covers. Recycling can reduce pollution, save materials, and lower energy use. Yet, some argue that recycling wastes energy. They believe that collecting, processing, and converting waste uses more energy than it saves. Still, most people agree that recycling is better for the planet than landfilling.
Landfilling is the oldest method of managing waste. In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury garbage in a hole. Over time the practice of landfilling has advanced. Garbage is squeezed (挤压) together before it is thrown into the hole. In this way more garbage can fit in each landfill. Large liners are placed in the bottom of landfills so that poisonous garbage liquid doesn't get into the ground water. Sadly, these liners don't always work. Landfills may pollute the local water supply. Not to mention that all of that garbage smells horrible. Nobody wants to live next to a landfill. This makes it hard to find new locations for landfills.
Because of all the negative attention that landfilling has received, interest in composting has grown. Composting is when people pile up organic matter, such as food waste, and allow it to decompose. The product of this decomposition is post can be added to the soil to make the soil richer and better for growing crops.
One thing that is easier to do is burning garbage. There are two main ways to incinerate waste. The first is to create or harvest a fuel from the waste, such as methane gas (沼气), and burn the fuel. The second is to burn the waste directly. The heat from the incineration process can boil water, which can power steam generators. Unfortunately, burning garbage pollutes the air. Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable resources that could be recycled.
Usually, the community in which you live manages waste. Once you put your garbage in that can, what happens to it is beyond your control. But you can make choices while it is still in your hands. You can choose to recycle, you can choose to compost, or you can choose to let someone else deal with it. The choice is yours.
29. Why does the author mention magical garbage fairies in the first paragraph
A. To creatively support his argument with evidence.
B. To point out that garbage doesn't disappear by itself.
C. To make the language more attractive to please readers.
D. To draw attention to different kinds of garbage thrown away.
30. What can we learn from the passage
A. Some think recycling is a waste of time.
B. Incineration may destroy recyclable resources.
C. Finding new locations is the focus of landfilling.
D. The purpose of a compost pile is to make soil rich.
31. According to the passage, landfilling_____________________.
A. involves burying garbage in a hole B. reduces the horrible smells
C. squeezes garbage together D. protects ground water
32. Which of the following could be the best title for this passage
A. Magic: Bringing Back What Was Once Lost
B. Deal with the garbage: Which is Best for You
C. Methods of Waste Management: Advantages and Disadvantages
D. Do Your Part: How to Save the Earth by Recycling and Composting
【答案】29. B 30. B 31. A 32. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If there are no magical garbage fairies, where does it all go Garbage does not disappear when you throw it in a can. （如果没有魔法垃圾仙子，它们都去哪了 你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶它是不会消失的）”可推断，作者提出魔法垃圾仙子为了指出垃圾不会自己消失，从而引出下文垃圾的四种处理方式。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable resources that could be recycled.（此外，一些批评人士担心焚烧炉会破坏有价值的可回收资源。）”可知，焚烧垃圾会破坏有价值的可回收资源。故选B项。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury garbage in a hole.（最简单的填埋方式就是人们把垃圾埋在一个洞里。）”可知，填埋就是把垃圾埋在一个洞里。故选A项。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling, composting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses.（有四种处理废物的方法：回收、填埋、堆肥和焚烧。每种方法都有其优缺点。让我们快速浏览一下每一个。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。C项“处理垃圾的方法：优点和缺点”课作为本文标题。故选C项。
D
A new study published in the National Academy of Sciences provides a measure of how far “deepfake” technology has progressed. The results suggest that real humans can easily fall for machine-generated faces. “We found that AI-generated faces are highly realistic,” says study co-author Hany Farid, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. The result raises concerns that “these faces could be highly effective when used for criminal purposes.”
The synthetic (合成的) faces for this study were developed in back-and-forth interactions between two neural networks. One of the networks, called a generator, produced an evolving series of synthetic faces like a student working progressively through rough drafts. The other network, known as a discriminator, trained on real images and then graded the generated output by comparing it with data on actual faces. The generator began the exercise with random pixels (像素). With feedback from the discriminator, it gradually produced realistic humanlike faces. Ultimately, the discriminator was unable to tell a real face from a fake one.
After collecting 400 real faces matched to 400 synthetic versions, the researchers asked 315 people to separate real from fake among a selection of 128 of the images. Another group of 219 participants got some training and feedback about how to spot fakes as they tried to separate the faces.
The first group did not do better than a coin toss at telling real faces from fake ones, with an average accuracy of 48.2 percent. The second group failed to show dramatic improvement, receiving only about 59 percent, even with feedback about those participants’ choices.
The researchers were not expecting these results. The finding adds to concerns about the accessibility of technology that makes it possible for just about anyone to create misleading still images. Another concern is that such findings will create the impression that deepfakes will become completely undetectable and as a result, scientists might give up on trying to develop countermeasures (对策) to deepfakes.
The researchers end with a straightforward conclusion after emphasizing that misleading uses of deepfakes will continue to pose a threat: “We, therefore, encourage those developing these technologies to consider whether the associated risks are greater than their benefits. If so, then we discourage the development of technology simply because it is possible.”
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The examples of deepfake technology.
B. The differences between the two networks.
C. The way to tell a real face from a fake one.
D. The process of producing the synthetic faces.
34. Taking advantage of deepfake technology, humans may _______.
A. create real faces B. spot fake images
C. commit various crimes D. make detective tools
35. According to the passage, the findings of the study _______.
A. might inspire scientists to develop countermeasures to deepfakes
B. proved training could help participants to tell real from fake greatly
C. matched the researchers’ expectations of people’s ability to spot fakes
D. showed humans could easily be misguided by machine-generated faces
36. How do the researchers feel about deepfake technology
A. Excited. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed. D. Confused.
【答案】33. D 34. C 35. D 36. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是美国国家科学院(National Academy of Sciences)发表的一项新研究为“深度造假”技术的发展提供了一个衡量标准。研究结果表明，真实的人类很容易被机器生成的面孔所迷惑。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“The synthetic faces for this study were developed in back-and-forth interactions between two neural networks. One of the networks, called a generator, produced an evolving series of synthetic faces like a student working progressively through rough drafts. The other network, known as a discriminator, trained on real images and then graded the generated output by comparing it with data on actual faces.(该研究的合成人脸是在两个神经网络之间的来回交互中开发的。其中一个被称为“生成器”的网络产生了一系列不断进化的合成面孔，就像一个学生逐步完成草稿一样。另一个网络被称为鉴别器，它以真实的图像为训练对象，然后通过与真实面孔的数据进行比较，对生成的输出进行分级)”可知，第二段主要讲的是合成人脸的生产过程。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The result raises concerns that “these faces could be highly effective when used for criminal purposes.”(这一结果引发了人们的担忧，即“这些人脸在用于犯罪目的时可能非常有效。”)”可知，利用深度造假技术，人类可能犯下各种罪行，故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“The first group did not do better than a coin toss at telling real faces from fake ones, with an average accuracy of 48.2 percent. The second group failed to show dramatic improvement, receiving only about 59 percent, even with feedback about those participants’ choices.(第一组在辨别真假面孔方面的表现并不比扔硬币好，平均准确率为48.2%。第二组没有表现出显著的改善，只有大约59%的准确率，即使是获得了关于参与者的选择的反馈)”可知，根据文章，这项研究的发现表明人类很容易被机器生成的面孔误导，故选D。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The finding adds to concerns about the accessibility of technology that makes it possible for just about anyone to create misleading still images. Another concern is that such findings will create the impression that deepfakes will become completely undetectable and as a result, scientists might give up on trying to develop countermeasures to deepfakes.(这一发现增加了人们对技术可用性的担忧，因为几乎任何人都有可能制造出具有误导性的静止图像。另一个担忧是，这样的发现会给人留下这样的印象，即深度造假将完全无法被探测到，因此，科学家可能会放弃尝试开发应对深度造假的对策)”可知，研究人员对深度造假技术的态度是担心的，故选B。
第二节 阅读与表达：（共4小题，每小题2分，满分8分）
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。
Every year more of us try and reduce our impact on the planet. A refill shop, or zero waste shop, gives you a choice to go green.
Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods. Most of the time they will be dry ones like rice and nuts produced directly in the local sites, which means less carbon footprint from farm to plate. They can also be many other sustainable (可持续的) products, like refill cleaning products and soaps. Shoppers only need to bring containers they already own and refill them from larger containers in the store.
Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community. If you’re walking down the street to your local refill shop, then you’re doing great but if you’re driving hours away to find your closest shop, then the transport may cancel out any benefits of what you buy. Remember, it’s the whole process not just the end product.
Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer (消费) habits. They make us pause and think about how we can make positive changes for the environment.
If you can shop local and from independent refill shops, then you should. It doesn’t have to be all the time but minimizing waste and choosing refills where you can will make a positive difference.
37. What are refill shops (不超过12词)
________________________________________________________________________________
38. What is the most important value of refill shopping (不超过20词)
________________________________________________________________________________
39. Why are refill shops built in communities within walking distance (不超过7个单词)
________________________________________________________________________________
40. What is the passage mainly about (不超过3个单词)
________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】37. Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
38. The most important value of refill shopping is that it encourages us to think about our consumer habits.
39. Because they’re more sustainable and environmentally-friendly.
40. A refill shop/Zero waste shop.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是零浪费店为环保所做出的努力和贡献。
【37题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.(零浪费店往往是小型的，独立的商店，出售非包装商品。)”可知，零浪费店是出售非包装商品的小型独立商店。故答案是Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
【38题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer (消费) habits.(也许在当地的零浪费店购物最重要的一点是，它们鼓励我们思考我们的消费习惯。)”可知，零浪费店最重要的价值在于它鼓励人们去思考消费习惯。故答案是The most important value of refill shopping is that it encourages us to think about our consumer habits.
【39题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community.(零浪费商店通常位于社区。显然，在步行距离内购买更可持续发展，对地球和你的社区更友好。)”可知，零浪费店经常健在社区，使得就可以步行去购物，这样对地球和社区更友好，由此可知，零浪费店建在步行可达的社区是因为他们更可持续发展和环保。故答案是Because they’re more sustainable and environmentally-friendly.
【40题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据首段中的“Every year more of us try and reduce our impact on the planet. A refill shop, or zero waste shop, gives you a choice to go green.(每年都有更多的人试图减少我们对地球的影响。一个补充商店，或者零废物商店，给你一个绿色的选择。)”并结合下文中对零浪费商店的概念、所建的位置及其意义的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是关于零浪费商店的相关情况。故答案是A refill shop/Zero waste shop.
Ⅱ卷
第三部分 词汇运用（共10分）
（一）根据句意及所给的竹字母及中文提示，写出该单词的正确形式，并将完整单词写在答题纸上。（每小题1分，共6分）
41. Environment experts think r__________ (回收) plastic bags is really important to all of us. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】recycling##ecycling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环境专家认为回收塑料袋对我们所有人都很重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语从句的主语，根据提示的汉语，表示“回收”应为recycle，结合句意可知，此处描述的是经常性的动作，所以此处应使用动名词形式，且表示主动意义。故填recycling。
42. Something gave me the strength to o__________ (克服) the difficulty. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】overcome##vercome
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：有什么东西给了我克服困难的力量。由首字母提示o可知，“克服”是overcome，give sb. the strength to do是固定短语，意为“给某人做某事的力量”，因此空格处用原形，故填overcome。
43. He is so rude. Such an a__________ (态度) is unacceptable to most teachers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】attitude##ttitude
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他太粗鲁了。这种态度对大多数老师来说是不可接受的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“态度”应为attitude，空前有不定冠词an，所以此处使用名词单数。故填attitude。
44. I had already taken steps to speed up a s__________ (解决办法) to the problem. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】solution##olution
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我已经采取措施加快解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词，根据所给中文提示词和首字母，应是solution意为“解决办法”。故填solution。
45. Any actor will tell you that it is easier to p__________ (表演) than to be themselves. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】perform##erform
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：任何演员都会告诉你，表演比做自己容易。根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“表演”应为perform，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处应使用动词原形，且表示主动意义。故填perform。
46. They would rather s__________(奋斗) for peace. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】struggle##truggle
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们宁愿为和平而奋斗。根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“奋斗”应为struggle，且would rather意为“宁愿”，其后应为动词原形。故填struggle。
（二）短语填空：请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，其中有一个为多余词组。（每小题1分，共4分）
选词填空
take charge of, take action, take part in, make sb’s dream come true, come up with
47. I’ll __________ the important activity and I am sure I will learn a lot from it.
48. We need more time to see how things develop before __________.
49. What’s more, we can __________ our own ideas and learn more through discussion.
50. You are supposed to __________ your own growth.
【答案】47. take part in
48. taking action
e up with
50. take charge of
【解析】
【47题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我会参加这个重要的活动，我相信我会从中学到很多东西。根据句意可知，此处表示“参加”应为take part in，因位于助动词will之后，所以此处为动词原形。故填take part in。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：在采取行动之前，我们需要更多的时间来观察事态的发展。根据句意可知，此处表示“采取行动”应为take action，因位于介词before之后，所以此处应使用动名词形式作宾语。故填taking action。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：更重要的是，我们可以提出自己的想法，并通过讨论学习更多。根据句意可知，此处表示“提出”应为come up with，因位于情态动词can之后，所以此处应使用动词原形。故填come up with。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：你应该为自己的成长负责。根据句意可知，此处表示“负责”应为take charge of，因位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处应使用动词原形。故填take charge of。
第四部分：书面表达（20分）
51. 假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华，你校将在下周五举办“校园环保日”（Campus Green Living Day）系列活动（如做低碳生活主题演讲，学习垃圾分类，进社区宣传等）。请给你班留学生Jim写封邮件，邀请他参加你所选择的活动。邮件的内容包括：
1. 介绍你选择的活动内容；
2. 说明参加该活动的理由；
3. 询问是否愿意参加该活动。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I am writing to invite you to participate in our school’s upcoming “Campus Green Living Day” activities, which will be held next Friday.
I plan to participate in learning about waste sorting. First, we will learn about the importance of waste sorting and how it contributes to environmental protection. Secondly, we will become familiar with the different types of waste and the proper ways to separate and dispose of them.
Participating in this activity will not only broaden our understanding of environmental issues but also empower us to make a positive impact in our daily lives. It is an opportunity to learn practical skills that can be applied in our school, homes and communities.
I would like to know if you are interested in joining this activity. Your presence and contribution would be greatly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生给留学生Jim写封邮件，邀请他参加自己选择的“校园环保日”活动，需介绍该活动的内容，说明参加该活动的理由，并询问是否愿意参加该活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
重要性：importance→significance, gravity
为……做贡献：contribute to→make contributions to
不同的：different→various
让某人能够做某事：empower sb. to do sth.→enable sb. to do sth., allow sb. to do sth.
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Participating in this activity will not only broaden our understanding of environmental issues but also empower us to make a positive impact in our daily lives.
拓展句：Not only will participating in this activity broaden our understanding of environmental issues, but it will also empower us to make a positive impact in our daily lives.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am writing to invite you to participate in our school’s upcoming “Campus Green Living Day” activities, which will be held next Friday. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] First, we will learn about the importance of waste sorting and how it contributes to environmental protection. (运用了how引导的宾语从句)顺义一中2022-2023学年度第一学期高二年级期中考试英语试卷
Ⅰ卷
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village was located near some wetlands which became his second home. He learned the value and beauty of ____1____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____2____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and caused great ____3____, which had driven away a number of birds.____4____, the number of snakes had decreased as well. He ____5____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____6____ during the daytime. He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and ____7____ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
Watering young plants in the dry season was ____8____ for a lone boy. Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to ____9____ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai _____10_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres (英亩) of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
2. A. valuable B. interesting C. worrying D. embarrassed
3. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
4 A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
5. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
6. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
7. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
8. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
9. A. prevent B. reduce C. heat D. collect
10. A. returned B. learned C. continued D. failed
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
(A)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
For a herder (放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job is searching for cattle ____11____ (lose) in the bush. But for Andrew, a herder at a farm in Zimbabwe, it’s not a problem. Once he ____12____ (spot) Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby. That’s because Toro isn’t an ordinary member of the herd. He’s a giraffe. In hot weather, cattle rest in the shade under his belly. And because of his ____13____ (high), Toro can spot lions long before they come close ____14____ the herd.
(B)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I had never felt an earthquake until last week. There was a small earthquake ____15____ could hardly even be called an earthquake. I was not really ____16____ (frighten). To feel the earth move like that was just strange. Of course, it lasted only a few seconds. I have spoken to the local people since the event and luckily, there were no injuries or damage done by it. But if it had been a real earthquake, I think I would have felt quite ____17____ (different).
(C)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In ancient times, people held nature in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians ____18____ (believe), “Humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans”. However, as human beings master more knowledge, people try to change nature. They use more land ____19____ (make) buildings and capture some wild animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. Please remember: Nature is not the place to visit. It’s ____20____ (we) home.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共16小题，每小题2分，共32分）
阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
A
New Jersey Botanical Garden Membership
It’s easy to join New Jersey Botanical Garden (NJBG) Membership or renew your membership online, by phone or by mail. And it’s so important to the Botanical Garden! Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational (娱乐的) activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!
To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and membership category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.
If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at (973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure (Adobe Acrobat PDF file).
★Join NJBG Today
Membership Category Individual Dual (两人共用) Student
Annual Dues $35 $60 $25
Special: Save $5 with Biennial Dues(两年会费) $60 $100 $40
★Renew Your Membership
Membership Category Individual Dual Student
Annual Dues $30 $50 $25
Special: Save $5 with Biennial Dues $50 $80 $40
The Botanical Garden started life as Skylands, a large area in the grand manner. It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion (公馆) designed by John Russell Pope. Skylands has 96 acres of formal and naturalized gardens and is surrounded by over 1,000 acres of meadows (草坪) and woodlands. Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984, the gardens contain approximately 5,000 species and varieties of trees and flowers.
For you, the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place to visit where you may enjoy each season’s best. Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures, and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and country gardeners.
Your NJBG membership offers you discounts at participating nurseries, garden centers and other fine businesses. Simply present your NJBG membership card when beginning your purchase:
· Goffle Brook Farm and Garden Center, (201) 652-7540
10% off your purchase
· Metropolitan Plant Exchange, (973) 638-7613
12% off your purchase
· Rohsler’s Allendale Nursery & Florist, (201) 327-3156
15% off your purchase
21. The NJBG membership dollars can be used to ___________.
A. offer further education B. update online payment
C. provide better service D. protect the environment
22. To join NJBG membership, you can call its office at ___________.
A. (201) 327-3156 B. (201) 652-7540
C. (973) 962-9534 D. (973) 638-7613
23. To renew the one-year membership for your parents, you need to pay ___________.
A. $50 B. $60
C. $80 D. $100
24. New Jersey Botanical Garden ___________.
A. was officially named in 1966
B. was designed by John Russell Pope
C. invites members to organize activities
D. gives members discounts for their purchase
B
John Otway
John Otway has been playing music and making records in the UK for more than 40 years. Over the years he has released more than ten albums. He has played hundreds of concerts. He has written two autobiographies. He has worked with some of the country’s best musicians and he has even made a film about his life. But despite all of this, most people have never heard of him.
Otway released his first record in 1972, but it was the Punk Movement a few years later that really gave him his big chance. Otway wasn’t the greatest musician but his songs were always fun, and his performances on stage were always entertaining - there was a good chance he would fall off the stage at least once in each show. The punks liked him, and in 1977 he had a small hit when his single Really Free made it to No. 27 in the UK top 40 charts. Otway really enjoyed his success but unfortunately, no more came. Not one of his records over the next 30 years was a hit.
Although he never had much commercial success, Otway had a lot of very loyal fans. When someone asked him what he would like for his 50th birthday, his reply was: “A second hit.” His fans went out and bought as many copies of the new single Bunsen Burner as they could. And in October 2002, Otway finally saw his wish come true. In a chart that featured international superstars like Pink, Will Young and Oasis, Bunsen Burner made it to No. 9. Many high street shops refused to sell the record, saying that Otway was too old and unattractive for the teenage market. Otway didn’t care. He celebrated his success with an appearance on TV’s biggest music show Top of the Pops.
These days John Otway continues to play his music around the country, and there are always plenty of people who are happy to go and watch him perform. He’s a great example for anyone who loves making music. You don’t have to be young, good-looking (or even very talented) to enjoy a long career in the music business.
25. From paragraph 1, we know that ________.
A. John Otway has released hundreds of albums
B. John Otway never worked with best musicians
C John Otway has written hundreds of autobiographies
D. John Otway is not well-known in the UK as a musician
26. John Otway saw his wish come true when he released ________.
A. Really Free B. Bunsen Burner
C. Top of the Pops D. his first record
27. Why were some street shops unwilling to sell his single Bunsen Burner
A. They thought it was terrible.
B. It wasn’t a very big hit.
C. John Otway didn’t want them to have it.
D. They thought teenagers would not like to buy it.
28. What can we learn from the passage
A. Musicians have to be young and attractive.
B. Success isn’t important in our life.
C. We should be determined to do what we love.
D. Musicians do much better as they get older.
C
Garbage cans are not magical openings. Garbage does not disappear when you throw it in a can. Yet, the average American throws away about 1,600 pounds of waste each year. If there are no magical garbage fairies, where does it all go There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling, composting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. Let's take a quick look at each.
Recycling is the process of turning waste into new materials. For example, used paper can be turned into paperboard, which can be used to make book covers. Recycling can reduce pollution, save materials, and lower energy use. Yet, some argue that recycling wastes energy. They believe that collecting, processing, and converting waste uses more energy than it saves. Still, most people agree that recycling is better for the planet than landfilling.
Landfilling is the oldest method of managing waste. In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury garbage in a hole. Over time the practice of landfilling has advanced. Garbage is squeezed (挤压) together before it is thrown into the hole. In this way more garbage can fit in each landfill. Large liners are placed in the bottom of landfills so that poisonous garbage liquid doesn't get into the ground water. Sadly, these liners don't always work. Landfills may pollute the local water supply. Not to mention that all of that garbage smells horrible. Nobody wants to live next to a landfill. This makes it hard to find new locations for landfills.
Because of all the negative attention that landfilling has received, interest in composting has grown. Composting is when people pile up organic matter, such as food waste, and allow it to decompose. The product of this decomposition is post can be added to the soil to make the soil richer and better for growing crops.
One thing that is easier to do is burning garbage. There are two main ways to incinerate waste. The first is to create or harvest a fuel from the waste, such as methane gas (沼气), and burn the fuel. The second is to burn the waste directly. The heat from the incineration process can boil water, which can power steam generators. Unfortunately, burning garbage pollutes the air. Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable resources that could be recycled.
Usually, the community in which you live manages waste. Once you put your garbage in that can, what happens to it is beyond your control. But you can make choices while it is still in your hands. You can choose to recycle, you can choose to compost, or you can choose to let someone else deal with it. The choice is yours.
29. Why does the author mention magical garbage fairies in the first paragraph
A. To creatively support his argument with evidence.
B. To point out that garbage doesn't disappear by itself.
C. To make the language more attractive to please readers.
D. To draw attention to different kinds of garbage thrown away.
30. What can we learn from the passage
A. Some think recycling is a waste of time.
B. Incineration may destroy recyclable resources.
C. Finding new locations is the focus of landfilling.
D. The purpose of a compost pile is to make soil rich.
31. According to the passage, landfilling_____________________.
A. involves burying garbage in a hole B. reduces the horrible smells
C. squeezes garbage together D. protects ground water
32. Which of the following could be the best title for this passage
A. Magic: Bringing Back What Was Once Lost
B. Deal with the garbage: Which is Best for You
C. Methods of Waste Management: Advantages and Disadvantages
D. Do Your Part: How to Save the Earth by Recycling and Composting
D
A new study published in the National Academy of Sciences provides a measure of how far “deepfake” technology has progressed. The results suggest that real humans can easily fall for machine-generated faces. “We found that AI-generated faces are highly realistic,” says study co-author Hany Farid, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. The result raises concerns that “these faces could be highly effective when used for criminal purposes.”
The synthetic (合成的) faces for this study were developed in back-and-forth interactions between two neural networks. One of the networks, called a generator, produced an evolving series of synthetic faces like a student working progressively through rough drafts. The other network, known as a discriminator, trained on real images and then graded the generated output by comparing it with data on actual faces. The generator began the exercise with random pixels (像素). With feedback from the discriminator, it gradually produced realistic humanlike faces. Ultimately, the discriminator was unable to tell a real face from a fake one.
After collecting 400 real faces matched to 400 synthetic versions, the researchers asked 315 people to separate real from fake among a selection of 128 of the images. Another group of 219 participants got some training and feedback about how to spot fakes as they tried to separate the faces.
The first group did not do better than a coin toss at telling real faces from fake ones, with an average accuracy of 48.2 percent. The second group failed to show dramatic improvement, receiving only about 59 percent, even with feedback about those participants’ choices.
The researchers were not expecting these results. The finding adds to concerns about the accessibility of technology that makes it possible for just about anyone to create misleading still images. Another concern is that such findings will create the impression that deepfakes will become completely undetectable and as a result, scientists might give up on trying to develop countermeasures (对策) to deepfakes.
The researchers end with a straightforward conclusion after emphasizing that misleading uses of deepfakes will continue to pose a threat: “We, therefore, encourage those developing these technologies to consider whether the associated risks are greater than their benefits. If so, then we discourage the development of technology simply because it is possible.”
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The examples of deepfake technology.
B. The differences between the two networks.
C. The way to tell a real face from a fake one.
D. The process of producing the synthetic faces.
34. Taking advantage of deepfake technology, humans may _______.
A. create real faces B. spot fake images
C. commit various crimes D. make detective tools
35. According to the passage, the findings of the study _______.
A. might inspire scientists to develop countermeasures to deepfakes
B. proved training could help participants to tell real from fake greatly
C. matched the researchers’ expectations of people’s ability to spot fakes
D. showed humans could easily be misguided by machine-generated faces
36. How do the researchers feel about deepfake technology
A. Excited. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed. D. Confused.
第二节 阅读与表达：（共4小题，每小题2分，满分8分）
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。
Every year more of us try and reduce our impact on the planet. A refill shop, or zero waste shop, gives you a choice to go green.
Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods. Most of the time they will be dry ones like rice and nuts produced directly in the local sites, which means less carbon footprint from farm to plate. They can also be many other sustainable (可持续的) products, like refill cleaning products and soaps. Shoppers only need to bring containers they already own and refill them from larger containers in the store.
Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community. If you’re walking down the street to your local refill shop, then you’re doing great but if you’re driving hours away to find your closest shop, then the transport may cancel out any benefits of what you buy. Remember, it’s the whole process not just the end product.
Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer (消费) habits. They make us pause and think about how we can make positive changes for the environment.
If you can shop local and from independent refill shops, then you should. It doesn’t have to be all the time but minimizing waste and choosing refills where you can will make a positive difference.
37. What are refill shops (不超过12词)
________________________________________________________________________________
38. What is the most important value of refill shopping (不超过20词)
________________________________________________________________________________
39. Why are refill shops built in communities within walking distance (不超过7个单词)
________________________________________________________________________________
40. What is the passage mainly about (不超过3个单词)
________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ卷
第三部分 词汇运用（共10分）
（一）根据句意及所给的竹字母及中文提示，写出该单词的正确形式，并将完整单词写在答题纸上。（每小题1分，共6分）
41 Environment experts think r__________ (回收) plastic bags is really important to all of us. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
42. Something gave me the strength to o__________ (克服) the difficulty. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
43. He is so rude. Such an a__________ (态度) is unacceptable to most teachers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
44. I had already taken steps to speed up a s__________ (解决办法) to the problem. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
45 Any actor will tell you that it is easier to p__________ (表演) than to be themselves. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
46. They would rather s__________(奋斗) for peace. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
（二）短语填空：请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，其中有一个为多余词组。（每小题1分，共4分）
选词填空
take charge of, take action, take part in, make sb’s dream come true, come up with
47. I’ll __________ the important activity and I am sure I will learn a lot from it.
48. We need more time to see how things develop before __________.
49. What’s more, we can __________ our own ideas and learn more through discussion.
50 You are supposed to __________ your own growth.
第四部分：书面表达（20分）
51. 假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华，你校将在下周五举办“校园环保日”（Campus Green Living Day）系列活动（如做低碳生活主题演讲，学习垃圾分类，进社区宣传等）。请给你班留学生Jim写封邮件，邀请他参加你所选择的活动。邮件的内容包括：
1. 介绍你选择的活动内容；
2. 说明参加该活动的理由；
3. 询问是否愿意参加该活动。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua