[今日更新]山西省2023-2024学年度七年级上学期阶段评估（一）【1LR】历史考试试卷

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[今日更新]山西省2023-2024学年度七年级上学期阶段评估（一）【1LR】历史试卷答案

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2022一2023学年度高三一轮复习周测卷（二十七）英语(考试时间40分钟，总分100分)一、阅读理解（共8小题；每小题5分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项

AThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses()heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaque(frombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules'”.Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes().Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis"theoryofdisease".Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:"Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof."·58·

2.春秋时期,周内史叔兴和郑申发表“吉凶由人”和“妖由人兴”的见解;鲁闵子马提出“祸福无门,惟人所召”的论点;郑子产认为“天道远,人道迩,非所及也”。以上观点说明当时A.敬天保民思想已经形成B.战争造成了重大影响C.人的主体意识有所增强D.天人之间的联系加深

16.图甲、图乙是关于阿杜瓦战役的绘画。图甲是20世纪初埃塞俄比亚人所绘,描绘了传说中埃塞俄比亚英雄身穿传统服装,在皇帝孟尼利克二世指挥下作战的场景;图乙则是刊登在英国《图片报》上的绘画,其试图粉饰意大利人的失败,强调他们寡不敌众却顽强作战。这种差异说明图甲图乙A.绘画源于艺术的想象B.新闻稿更具真实性C.历史记录具有政治性D.两则史料不可互证