中考英语第二次模拟考试（广州卷）-2023年中考英语逆袭冲刺名校模拟真题特快专递（含答案）考试试卷

绝密★启用前|
2022-2023学年中考第二次模拟考试（广州卷）
英 语
本试卷共四大题，满分90分。考试时间80分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1 15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” ___1___ of China, Japan, Korea, ____2____ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite ____3____. Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver ____4____ Chinese characters. ____5____ workers also combine various hard woods and metal ____6____ special designs.
The Chinese ____7____ chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____8____ twigs（树枝）to remove it. Over time, ____9____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces ____10____ with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ____11____ live from roughly 551 to 497 B．C．, influenced the ___12__ of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killing and ____13____ too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used ___14___ in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____15____ their hands.
1．A．cultural B．culturals C．cultured D．cultures
2．A．and B．or C．but D．/
3．A．art B．artistic C．artist D．article
4．A．by B．from C．in D．with
5．A．skills B．skilled C．skilling D．skill
6．A．to create B．creating C．creative D．created
7．A．had used B．used C．have used D．have been used
8．A．to use B．used C．using D．had used
9．A．as B．as soon as C．before D．after
10．A．can be eaten more easily B．should be eaten easier
C．must be eaten easier D．could be eaten easily
11．A．/ B．that C．which D．who
12．A．develop B．development C．developing D．developed
13．A．were B．are C．was D．had been
14．A．somewhere B．anywhere C．everywhere D．nowhere
15．A．by B．on C．in D．with
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16 25各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Natural resources are things that we use that come from Earth. Our natural resources are limited. This means that they will not ____16____ forever. Some are renewable, like when you plant a new tree when you ____17____ one down. Others are not renewable, like when you dig coal out of the ____18____. Once it is used, it is gone.
People realize the ____19____ that Earth’s natural resources are limited, and can do things to help conserve (节约) those resources. ____20____ you try to conserve a natural resource, you try to use less of it, so it does not get used up so ____21____. One way that people conserve fuel, like gasoline, is by riding a bicycle or walking when the ____22____ is short instead of driving everywhere.
Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay ____23____. We can conserve water ____24____ making sure that our pipes and taps do not leak (漏). We can also make _____25_____ choices to conserve water, like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when they are full. Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources.
16．A．last B．take C．burn D．change
17．A．turn B．cut C．put D．move
18．A．station B．building C．ground D．office
19．A．news B．plan C．decision D．fact
20．A．When B．Although C．Whatever D．Whether
21．A．slowly B．hard C．regularly D．fast
22．A．money B．space C．place D．distance
23．A．alive B．alone C．asleep D．awake
24．A．about B．for C．by D．with
25．A．exciting B．funny C．wise D．surprising
三、阅读（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从26~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
I don’t remember the exact date when I met Marty for the first time. Like a lot of people who want to get through a checkout line, I found my thoughts on speed, nothing more. The line I was standing in wasn’t moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier（收银员）, who was busy receiving money from customers. He was an old man in his sixties. I thought, well, it probably took him a little longer to get the jobs done. For the next few minutes I watched him. He greeted every customer before he began scanning the things they were buying. Sure, his words were the usual, “How are you doing ” But he did something different—he actually listened to people. Then he would respond to what they had said and talk with them briefly.
I thought it was strange, but I guessed I had been used to people asking me how I was doing simply out of a conversation without thinking. Usually, after a while, you don’t give any thought to the question and just say something back quietly.
This old cashier seemed sincere（真诚的）about wanting to know how people were feeling. Meanwhile, the high-tech cash register rang up their purchases and he announced how much they had to pay. When customers handed money to him, he pushed the appropriate keys, the cash drawer popped open, and he counted out their change.
Then magic happened.
He placed the change in his left hand, walked around the counter to the customers, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. As their hands met, the old cashier looked the customers in the eyes. “I want to thank you for shopping here today,” he told them. “Have a great day. Bye-bye.” The looks on the faces of the customers were priceless.
Now it was my turn. I took a look at the name tag on his red waistcoat, the kind experienced Wal-Mart cashier wore. It read, “Marty.”
Marty told me how much I should pay and I handed him some money. The next thing I knew he was standing beside me, offering his right hand and holding my change in his left hand. His kind eyes locked onto mine. Smiling, and with a firm handshake…
26．While the author stood in the checkout line, she felt ________.
A．comfortable B．puzzled C．impatient D．embarrassed
27．In the author’s opinion, when people were greeting the cashier, they actually wanted to ________.
A．show their politeness B．talk about unimportant topics
C．find a person to talk to D．show their happiness to see him
28．Why did the author think Marty special
A．He showed great interest in customers’ personal life.
B．He spent as much time as possible serving customers.
C．He was patient with all the questions from customers.
D．He expressed his sincerity while giving back the change.
29．What can we infer from the passage
A．Marty was a talkative man.
B．Marty cared a lot about what he did.
C．The author failed to get along well with others.
D．The author was dissatisfied with such a waste of time.
B
Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day, 1642. From the very first Newton was very much interested in the mysteries of nature. Why did objects move Why could we see that stones rolled down hills, wind blew leaves along the ground, and heavy objects fell to the earth when dropped
At the age of twenty-three, Isaac Newton moved from Cambridge to his country home. There, his thoughts turned to the problems of motion (运动定律). As Newton himself later told the story, he was sitting in the garden one evening, thinking, when he noticed a falling apple. The apple set him to wondering about the movement of falling objects.
It occurred to him that the force which caused fruit to fall from trees worked as well at greater distances from the center of the earth—on top of buildings or even on top of mountains. Perhaps, thought Newton, this same force reached out much farther still, even to the moon. Newton began to search for a mathematical expression of his idea.
In 1669, Newton became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. Three years later, he joined the Royal Society. Before long, Newton began again to study the problems of motion. At last, he seemed to have solved the main difficulties, but he did not publish his findings at once.
Only in 1687 did he at last publish his new theory. Newton’s great work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, marked the success of the Scientific Revolution. Newton put the famous three laws of motion in it. Newton was soon recognized as the leader of English science. In 1703, he became the president of the Royal Society.
Science was never quite the same after Newton’s discoveries. No wonder that the eighteenth-century poet Pope, looking back at Newton’s work, wrote: Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night; God said, Let Newton be!—And all was light.
Newton, however, never rested on his fame (名望). He continued to work and study. In his last years, he once said to a friend, “I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy, playing on the seashore, and now and then finding a smoother pebble (鹅卵石) or a prettier shell, while the great ocean of truth lay undiscovered before me.”
30．Where did Newton begin to turn to the problems of motion
A．At home. B．At Cambridge. C．Outside the garden. D．On top of a building.
31．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.
A．the Royal Society B．the success of the Scientific Revolution
C．Newton’s new theory D．The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
32．In what order did the following events happen to Newton
a. He became curious about the movement of falling objects.
b. He published his new theory.
c. He joined the Royal Society.
d. He showed great interest in the mysteries of nature.
e. He was recognized as the leader of English science.
A．d-a-c-b-e B．d-c-a-e-b C．a-d-c-e-b D．a-d-e-b-c
33．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Newton acted like a little boy. B．Newton continued to work for fame.
C．Newton liked playing on the seashore. D．Newton only focused on working and studying.
C
China’s Mars rover（火星车）Zhurong, named after the Chinese god of fire, landed safely on Mars on May 15, 2021, making China only the second behind the United States fully succeed.
The 240-kilogram, six-wheeled rover is carried with six scientific instruments, giving it the appearance of a “blue butterfly”. Unlike Perseverance, the American Mars rover, Zhurong needs sunlight to power itself. Now that Zhurong has got down successfully, it is expected to spend the next 90 days mapping the area on Mars, monitoring changes in weather such as temperature and searching for signs of water ice. Zhurong will therefore help build a more complete geological picture of the red planet’s history.
China has successfully landed on the moon three times, and has even brought back lunar rocks to Earth. But landing on Mars is even more difficult. Mars exploration is known for its high risks and difficulties, as well as the uncertainties in the long-distance interstellar（星际）flight. The landing is the most challenging part of it. Around half of Mars exploration missions（任务）failed, and most of them went wrong in the landing process. A Mars landing is often considered as “the seven minutes of terror” because the process is completely autonomous. “The distance is too far away for the spacecraft, so it has to do it all on its own.” said Chen Lan, a scientist in China’s space program. “If something goes wrong, people on earth have no way to help.”
“Mars is the planet in our solar system that we are most likely to live on in the future. That’s why we want to understand it,” Ge, another scientist, said. “The success of Zhurong’s landing will lay the foundation for future Mars missions, including a sample return mission in 2030.”
34．There are many jobs that Zhurong is supposed to do EXCEPT ________.
A．mapping the Mars B．looking for water
C．studying the weather D．bringing back lunar rocks to Earth
35．What does the underlined word “autonomous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．trusted B．prepared C．self-directed D．man-controlled
36．Paragraph 3 is mainly about the ________ of Mars exploration.
A．history B．challenge C．distance D．process
37．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To show how Zhurong explores Mars.
B．To lay the foundation for future Mars missions.
C．To introduce China’s achievement in exploring Mars.
D．To compare Mars explorations between China and the USA．
D
These are the life-changing apps that will help you build better habits in 2022.
Streaks
Streaks lets you create up to 24 different tasks that you can complete each day. Complete a task, mark it on the app, and you’ll start building your progress. Streaks also has other features available, like reminders and statistics, to help you keep your habits on track. It collects no fees.
Strides
Strides makes your goals easy and attainable（可实现的）. You’ll be able to track your progress and see how far along you are with progress reports and charts that’ll show you your advancement and your success rate on any given goal. You can create unlimited reminders and build up your routine from the ground up. The app asks you to join their monthly subscription（会员费）.
ATracker
With ATracker, time all your activities and stop wasting time on unimportant tasks. You can create and define your daily and weekly goals to avoid losing track of your good and bad habits. Having tracked, you can see what you’ve done in a beautiful chart. You can also see a goal report to make sure you’re staying on track with your new year’s resolutions（决心）. The app is $4.99, but it’s only a one-time payment.
Coach.me
Coach.me is mostly free. You’ll get to track your progress and get bonus points for achieving your goals. What’s cool about Coach.me is that you can join a community of people like you where they are willing to help out each other. You can even take it one step further by hiring a coach, although that’s going to cost you extra.
38．Which app is free of charge
A．Coach.me. B．Strides. C．ATracker. D．Streaks.
39．What do Strides and ATracker have in common
A．They help to time vital tasks. B．They have reminding functions.
C．They offer a progress chart. D．They update information every month.
40．What can you do with Coach.me
A．Earn cash rewards. B．Get support from other users.
C．Employ a coach for free. D．Make progress in your studies.
第二节 阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
阅读短文及文后A E选项，选出可以填入41 45各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
Self-disciplined （自律的） people are not all great people. But nearly all great people are self-disciplined people. Some of them read every day. Some of them never run late.
The real difference between a great person and an ordinary person is that a great person can manage his or her time well. ____41____ What people call self-discipline is in fact self-management.
One example is staying fit. Never underestimate （低估） someone who is in good shape. ____42____ It’s even harder to avoid putting weight back on. If someone is in good shape, it shows that he knows the rules of staying fit and is able to stick to a plan that uses these rules. ____43____ Whether it is natural or acquired （学习到的）, it is a great skill. It also shows that this person is able to keep persevering （坚定不移的） and can balance long term goals with short-term goals.
____44____ First of all, set a goal and write down your reasons for wanting to achieve it. ____45____ With self-discipline, small things in life will no longer trouble you. Only through self-discipline can you truly own your future.
阅读短文, 把A-E五个句子填人文中空缺处, 使短文内容完整。
A．How do you learn self-management
B．That’s where their success comes from.
C．Anyone who has ever tried to lose weight knows that it’s not easy.
D．If someone is in good shape, it means that this person is good at managing his life.
E．Make a list of all the things to achieve this goal and start to work on one at a time.
四、写作（共三节，满分30分）
第一节 语篇填词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据短文的内容及首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。
Xu Yuanchong, China’s most famous master translator, died in Beijing at the a___46___ of 100 on Thursday, according to Peking University.
A winner of the highest honor in the field of translation, Xu was best k___47___ for his translations of ancient Chinese poems into E___48___ and French that have gained worldwide recognition.
Xu was a professor who t___49___ at Peking University from 1983 and was awarded the “Lifetime achievements in translation” award from the Translators Association of China in 2010. He was also the first Asian translator to w___50___ the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature — one of the highest honors among international translators.
第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）
51．他年纪太小了，所以不会读也不会写。
He is ________ young ________ he can ________ read ________ write.
52．对独立学习者来说，按照他们自己的节奏学习是非常容易的。
________ ________ very easy for independent learners ________ ________ at their own pace.
53．上学期我们学校成功地举办了校园英语节。
The School English Festival ________ ________ successfully in our school last term.
54．我的天啊！这球赛真是太精彩了！
Man alive! ________ ________ exciting ball game!
55．你知道他每周去几次图书馆吗？
Do you know ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to the library every week
第三节 书面表达（共1题；满分15分）
56．随着现代技术的不断发展与创新，线上学习已经成为一种重要的学习方式。请以“How to be a good online learner”为题，写一篇英语短文，结合你的线上学习经历，分享至少两条经验。
要求：
1.词数80—100（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名等相关信息。
How to Be a Good Online Learner
Online learning is an important way to study recently.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了筷子的发展史。
1．句意：在亚洲的大部分地区，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南等所谓的“饭碗”文化，人们通常用筷子吃饭。
cultural文化的，形容词；culturals错误格式；cultured有教养的，形容词；cultures文化，名词。根据“so-called”可知，需要一个名词，故选D。
2．句意：在亚洲的大部分地区，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南等所谓的“饭碗”文化，人们通常用筷子吃饭。
and和；or或者；but但是；/不填。根据“China, Japan, Korea”和“Vietnam”可知，是并列关系，故选A。
3．句意：有时筷子很有艺术性。
art艺术；artistic艺术的，形容词；artist艺术家；article文章。根据“are quite”可知，形容词作表语，故选B。
4．句意：真正优雅的筷子可能是用带有汉字的黄金和白银做成的。
by通过；from来自；in在……里；with有。根据“Chinese characters”可知，有汉字的筷子，故选D。
5．句意：熟练的工人还将各种硬木和金属结合起来，创造出特殊的设计。
skills技能，可数名词复数；skilled熟练的，形容词；skilling斯基林，货币单位；skill技能，可数名词单数。根据“workers”可知，需要形容词作定语，故选B。
6．句意：熟练的工人还将各种硬木和金属结合起来，创造出特殊的设计。
to create创造，动词不定式；creating创造，动名词；creative有创造力的；created创造，过去式。根据“combine various hard woods and metal”可知，用动词不定式表示目的，故选A。
7．句意：中国人使用筷子已有五千年的历史。
had used过去完成时；used过去式；have used现在完成时；have been used现在完成时的被动语态。根据“for five thousand years”可知，用现在完成时态，且“The Chinese”和“use”是主动关系， 故选C。
8．句意：人们可能在大锅里煮食物，用小树枝把它移走。
to use使用，动词不定式；used使用，过去式；using使用，现在分词；had used使用，过去完成时。根据“People probably cooked their food in large pots,”可知，句子已有谓语动词，用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故选C。
9．句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以更快地煮熟。
as随着；as soon as一……就；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“the population grew”可知，随着人口增长，故选A。
10．句意：小块的食物可以很容易地用树枝吃，树枝逐渐变成了筷子。
can be eaten more easily可以更容易吃，一般现在时的被动语态；should be eaten easier应该更容易吃；must be eaten easier必须更容易吃；could be eaten easily可以更容易吃，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly”可知，小块的食物可以很容易地用树枝吃，是过去时态，因此could be eaten easily符合句意，故选D。
11．句意：一些人认为中国伟大的学者孔子(大约生活在公元前551年到公元前497年)影响了筷子的发展。
/不填；that那个；which哪个；who谁。分析句子结构可知，先行词是人，用关系代词who作主语，故选D。
12．句意：一些人认为中国伟大的学者孔子(大约生活在公元前551年到公元前497年)影响了筷子的发展。
develop发展，动词；development发展，名词；developing发展中的；developed发达的。根据“the...of”可知，需要一个名词，故选B。
13．句意：孔子认为刀会提醒人们杀人，在餐桌上使用太暴力了。
were主语是复数，过去式；are主语是复数，一般现在时，was主语是单数，过去式；had been过去完成时。根据“knives would remind people of killing”可知，是过去时态，主语是复数，be用词用were，故选A。
14．句意：在亚洲，筷子并没有被广泛使用。
somewhere某处；anywhere任何地方；everywhere所有地方；nowhere没有地方。根据“In India”可知，并非亚洲所有地方都用筷子，not...everywhere“并非所有地方”，故选C。
15．句意：例如，在印度，大多数人传统上用手吃饭。
by通过；on在……上；in在……里；with用。根据“their hands”可知，用手吃饭，故选D。
16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．A 21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．C
【导语】本文叙述了我们的自然资源是有限的，不会永远有。有些自然资源是可再生的，有些是不可再生的。人们意识到自然资源是有限的，可以做一些事情来节约它们。每个人都可以为节约自然资源做出一份贡献。
16．句意：这意味着它们不能永远持续下去。
last持续；take带走；burn燃烧；change改变。根据“Our natural resources are limited”可知我们的自然资源是有限的、会用完的，不会永远有。故选A。
17．句意：当你砍下一棵树，你可以再种一棵。
turn转动；cut切割；put放下； move移动。cut down“砍下”。根据“plant a new tree”可知此处指的是砍下一棵树，就再种一棵。故选B。
18．句意：其他的是不可再生的，比如当你把煤从地里挖出来的时候。
station车站；building建筑物；ground地面； office办公室。结合常识，煤是埋在地下，故选C。
19．句意：人们意识到地球的自然资源是有限的。
news新闻；plan计划；decision决定；fact事实。根据“Earth’s natural resources are limited”可知自然资源是有限的，这是一个事实，故选D。
20．句意：当你想要节约一种自然资源时，你要努力少用它。
When当……时候；Although尽管；Whatever无论什么；Whether是否。此处表示要节约一种自然资源时，故选A。
21．句意：这样它才不会那么快的被用光。
slowly慢地；hard努力地；regularly有规律地；fast快地。根据“you try to use less of it”可知自然资源是有限的，少用一些，它被用光的速度就不会那么快。故选D。
22．句意：当距离近时，可以骑自行车或步行，而不是去哪都开车。
money钱；space空间；place地方；distance距离。根据“by riding a bicycle or walking”可知能骑自行车或步行到达的地方，距离应是较短的。故选D。
23．句意：水是一种非常重要的自然资源，因为我们需要它来活着。
alive活着的；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的。stay alive“活着”，结合常识，人活着离不开水，故选A。
24．句意：我们可以通过确保水管和水龙头不漏水，来节约水。
about关于；for为了；by通过；with用。根据“making sure that our pipes and taps do not leak”可知这是节约水的方式，用by来表示方式。故选C。
25．句意：我们可以做出明智的选择来节约水。
exciting激动人心的；funny滑稽的；wise明智的；surprising令人惊讶的。根据“like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when they are full”可知此处指的是节约水的好选择，故选C。
26．C 27．C 28．D 29．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和收银员之间的故事，收银员的真诚给作者留下了非常深刻的印象。
26．推理判断题。根据“Like a lot of people who want to get through a checkout line. I found my thoughts on speed, nothing more. The line I was standing in wasn’t moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier（收银员）, who was receiving money from customers.”可以推断，作者在排队结账时，感觉队伍移动的慢，不耐烦了。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“I thought it was strange, but I guessed I had been used to people asking me how I was doing simply out of a conversation without thinking.”可知，作者认为，人们倾向于发展无意识的谈话，故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据“He placed the change in his left hand, walked around the counter to the customers, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. As their hands met, the old cashier looked the customers in the eyes.”以及他说的话 “I want to thank you for shopping here today.”、“Have a great day. Bye-bye.”等内容可知，作者认为老收银员Marty特别之处在于他找零钱的同时表示了诚意。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据“Marty told me how much I owed and I handed him some money. The next thing I knew he was standing beside me, offering his right hand and holding my change in his left hand. His kind eyes locked onto mine. Smiling, and with a firm handshake...”可以推断出Marty非常在乎他所做的事情。故选B。
30．A 31．D 32．A 33．D
【导语】本文向我们介绍著名的科学家牛顿的故事。
30．细节理解题。根据“At the age of twenty-three, Isaac Newton moved from Cambridge to his country home. There, his thoughts turned to the problems of motion.”可知，23岁时，牛顿从剑桥搬到了他乡下的家，在那里他的思想转向运动问题。故选A。
31．词义猜测题。分析“Newton’s great work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, marked the success of the Scientific Revolution. Newton put the famous three laws of motion in it.”可知，牛顿的伟大作品《自然哲学的数学原理》标志着科学革命的成功，在这本书中牛顿提出了著名的运动三定律。所以此处“it”指的是The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy这本书，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“From the very first Newton was very much interested in the mysteries of nature.”，“The apple set him to wondering about the movement of falling objects.”，“Three years later, he joined the Royal Society.”，“Only in 1687 did he at last publish his new theory.”和“Newton was soon recognized as the leader of English science.”可知，事情发生的顺序是d-a-c-b-e，故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据“Newton, however, never rested on his fame. He continued to work and study.”可知，牛顿从不满足于他的名声，他继续工作和学习。所以牛顿只专注于工作和学习，而不是名声，故选D。
34．D 35．C 36．B 37．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国的火星车祝融号成功登陆火星，使我们成为历史上第二个在这颗红色星球上拥有火星车的国家。
34．细节理解题。根据“it is expected to spend the next 90 days mapping the area on Mars, monitoring changes in weather such as temperature and searching for signs of water ice”可知，祝融号火星车的任务不包括“将月球岩石带回地球”。故选D。
35．词句猜测题。根据“The distance is too far away for the spacecraft, so it has to do it all on its own”可知，这个距离对宇宙飞船来说太远了，所以它必须自己完成。此处autonomous指“自主的”，与self-directed同义。故选C。
36．主旨大意题。根据“But landing on Mars is even more difficult. Mars exploration is known for its high risks and difficulties, as well as the uncertainties in the long-distance interstellar（星际）flight. The landing is the most challenging part of it”可知，但登陆火星就更困难了。火星探索以其高风险和困难，以及长距离星际飞行的不确定性而闻名。着陆是最具挑战性的部分。此处第三段主要关于火星探索的挑战。故选B。
37．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国的火星车祝融号成功登陆火星，在探索火星上取得的成就，故选C。
38．D 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了四款改变生活的APP：Streaks、Strides、ATracker和Coach.me，它们能帮助你在2022年建立更好的习惯。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It collects no fees.”，可知Streaks是免费的。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段“You’ll be able to track your progress and see how far along you are with progress reports and charts that’ll show you your advancement and your success rate on any given goal.”和第四段“Having tracked, you can see what you’ve done in a beautiful chart.”，可知这两款APP都提供进度表。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What’s cool about Coach.me is that you can join a community of people like you where they are willing to help out each other.”，可知你可以加入一个像你一样愿意互相帮助的群体，所以你可以从其他用户那里得到帮助。故选B。
41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了自律的重要性, 以及告诉我们如何严格要求自己做到自律。
41．根据上一句“The real difference between a great person and an ordinary person is that a great person can manage his or her time well.”可知一个伟大的人和一个普通人的真正区别在于, 一个伟大的人可以很好地管理自己的时间。由此可知这也是伟人之所以能成功的原因。选项B“那是他们成功的来源”与之对应。故选B。
42．根据下一句“It’s even harder to avoid putting weight back on”可知体重的反弹更难以避免，说明减肥并不容易。选项C“任何想要减肥的人都知道这并不容易”与之对应。故选C。
43．根据上一句“If someone is in good shape, it shows that he knows the rules of staying fit and is able to stick to a plan that uses these rules.”可知如果一个人的身材保持良好,说明他知道保持健康的规则，并且能够坚持执行使用这些规则的计划。选项D“如果一个人的身材保持良好，意味着这个人善于管理他自己的生活”与之对应。故选D。
44．根据下一句“First of all, set a goal and write down your reasons for wanting to achieve it”可知首先, 定下一个目标并写下你想要实现它的理由。说明此处应是一句过渡句，告诉我们接下来该如何去做到自律。选项A“你如何学习自我管理呢？”与之对应。故选A。
45．根据上一句“First of all, set a goal and write down your reasons for wanting to achieve it.”可知首先, 定下一个目标并写下你想要实现它的理由。说明此处应是介绍接下来要做的具体事情。选项E“列出要实现这个目标需要做的事情的清单，然后一次只做一件。”与之对应。故选E。
46．(a)ge 47．(k)nown 48．(E)nglish 49．(t)aught 50．(w)in
【导语】本文主要介绍了伟大的翻译家——许渊冲的生平。
46．句意：据北京大学消息，中国最著名的翻译家许渊冲于周四在北京逝世，享年100岁。根据“at the … of 100”及首字母可知，此处用at the age of表示“在……岁时”，故填(a)ge。
47．句意：作为翻译领域最高荣誉的获得者，许渊冲最著名的是他将中国古代诗歌翻译成英语和法语，并获得了世界范围内的认可。根据“was best… for his translations of ancient Chinese poems…”及备选词可知，此处介绍他出名之处，be known for“因……而出名”，故填(k)nown。
48．句意：作为翻译领域最高荣誉的获得者，许渊冲最著名的是他将中国古代诗歌翻译成英语和法语，并获得了世界范围内的认可。根据“his translations of ancient Chinese poems into…and French”可知，此处指某种语言，结合首字母E可知，应填English“英语”，故填(E)nglish。
49．句意：1983年起在北京大学任教，2010年被中国翻译家协会授予“终身翻译成就奖”。根据“Xu was a professor who … at Peking University from 1983”及首字母可知，此处指在北京大学任教，teach“教学”，描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填(t)aught。
50．句意：他也是第一位获得北极光小说文学杰出翻译奖的亚洲翻译家，这是国际翻译家的最高荣誉之一。根据“the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature”及备选词可知，此处指赢得了这个称号，win“赢得”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填(w)in。
51． so that not or
【详解】根据“太小了，所以”及形容词“young”可知用so ... that表示“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句；can后用not表示“不”；“read”和“write”是并列谓语，否定句中用or连接。故填so；that；not；or。
52． It is to learn
【详解】“对某人来说，做某事是……的”用固定句式It is adj. for sb. to do sth.；“学习”learn。故填It；is；to；learn。
53． was held
【详解】“举办”hold，与主语“The School English Festival”之间是动宾关系，结合“last term”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语“The School English Festival”是单数，后用be动词was，hold的过去分词形式为held。故填was；held。
54． What an
【详解】感叹句的中心词是可数名词单数“ball game”，exciting以元音音素开头，此处用“What an+形容词+可数名词单数”结构。故填What；an。
55． how many times he goes
【详解】“几次”how many times；“他”he；“去”go。know后是how引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，结合“every week”可知用一般现在时，主语“he”后用动词第三人称单数形式goes。故填how；many；times；he；goes。
56．例文
How to Be a Good Online Learner
Online learning is an important way to study recently. Because of COVID-19, we have to study at home through the Internet. But how to be a good online learner Here is my advice.
Last term, when we first started online learning, I wanted to chat with my friends online. But soon I couldn’t catch what the teacher said, so I paid my attention to the classes. As far as I am concerned, we should be strict with ourselves while learning online. We should focus on our study and the classes so that we can learn as much as possible. What’s more, we also can find some friends to learn together so that we can help each other.
In a word, online learning is very convenient, but we also should try our best to be a good online learner.
【详解】1.题干解读：本文主要围绕“如何成为一个好的网上学习者”展开，结合自己的经历进行书写，可适当增加细节。
2.写作指导：本文以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。第一段引出话题；第二段结合自己的经历描述如何成为一个好的网上学习者；第三段进行总结。介绍内容时，力求语言准确，内容完整，保证行文连贯，条理清晰。