试题汇

您现在的位置是:首页 > 试题汇 > 正文

试题汇

备考2023年高考英语二轮专题:完形填空(说明文)考试试卷

22023-09-14试题汇26
备考2023年高考英语二轮专题:完形填空(说明文)一、完形填空(2023高三上·上海期末)Foreachblank

备考2023年高考英语二轮专题:完形填空(说明文)
一、完形填空
(2023高三上·上海期末)For each blank in the following passage
there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with
the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Deliberation is not always the best
option
Humans have developed over millions of
years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard.
If your ancestors 1. movement in the undergrowth, they would
run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the 2. to analyse and to plan is
part of what distinguishes people from other animals.
The question of when to trust your gut(直觉)and when to test
your 3. —whether to think fast or slow, in the
language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist— 4. in the office as much as it does in the savannah(大草原).
Deliberative thinking is the feature of
a well-managed workplace. Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on
rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are
increasingly designed to 5. instinctive responses. From blind screening of
job applicants to using "red-teaming" techniques to pick apart a
firm's plans, precision 6. instinct.
Yet instinct also has its place. Some
decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently(固有的)less 7. to analysis. Does a marketing
campaign capture the 8. of your company, say, or would this person
work well with other people in a team In 9. customer-service situations,
intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.
Gut instincts can also be 10. . Plenty of research has shown that
intuition becomes more unfailing with experience. In one well-known experiment,
conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to 11. whether a selection of
designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on
instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better
for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it 12. analysis. The more expert you
become, the better your instincts tend to be.
13. , the real reason to embrace fast
thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the
only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once
estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The
workplace is 14. but a succession of choices, a few big
and many small: what to 15. , when to intervene, whom to avoid in
the lifts and, now, where to work each day.
1.A.uncovered B.spotted C.blocked D.encountered
2.A.capacity B.motive C.reluctance D.urge
3.A.consultation B.anticipation C.assumptions D.reaction
4.A.integrates B.matters C.works D.abuses
5.A.bring out B.pick
out C.make out D.stamp out
6.A.equals B.comprises C.beats D.boosts
7.A.manageable B.adaptable C.familiar D.sensitive
8.A.attention B.opportunity C.status D.essence
9.A.rough B.tough C.nervous D.neutral
10.A.improved B.copied C.transferred D.weakened
11.A.ensure B.extinguish C.clarify D.assess
12.A.undertook B.outperformed C.facilitated D.paralleled
13.A.Likewise B.However C.Consequently D.Moreover
14.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
15.A.cooperate B.prioritize C.convince D.strive
(2022高三上·青岛月考)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Rockets were probably
invented by accident about 2000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder
which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make 16. ·during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire
instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gunpowder 17. from the tube could lift it
into the air. The idea of the rocket was 18. .
The first 19. use of rockets was in 1232.
The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the 20. of Kaifeng, the Song army 21. "arrows of flying
fire". The tubes were 22. to a long stick which helped keep the rocket
moving in a straight direction. 23. the Mongols learned how to
make rockets themselves and it is possible that they 24. them to Europe. Between the
13th and 15th century there were many rocket 25. in England, France and Italy.
They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a
rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit a(an) 26. ship.
Not everybody wanted
to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a 27. chair. He fixed two big kites
to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a
huge explosion and 28. of thick smoke. When the smoke 29. Wan Hu and his chair had
disappeared, no one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion Or
was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first 30.
16.A.cuisines B.decorations C.explosions D.differences
17.A.flying B.escaping C.firing D.going
18.A.born B.burst C.found D.improved
19.A.political B.official C.military D.scientific
20.A.occupation B.attack C.search D.battle
21.A.sent B.shot C.drove D.set
22.A.tied B.shaken C.wrapped D.blown
23.A.Finally B.Suddenly C.Soon D.Thus
24.A.delivered B.threw C.passed D.introduced
25.A.transformations B.performances
C.experiments D.exhibitions
26.A.business B.official C.transportation D.enemy
27.A.flying B.diving C.surfing D.blowing
28.A.packs B.clouds C.masses D.piles
29.A.faded B.completed C.lifted D.reflected
30.A.scientist B.researcher C.astronaut D.explorer
(2022高三上·礼泉月考)完形填空
Teenagers are
more likely to cause conflict with their parents than any other age child. Teens
often think what they are saying is 31. . They believe that if they keep arguing, they
can 32. their
parents.
Teenagers argue
with their parents because two things are still 33. during the adolescent period: the limbic system
(边缘系统) and the frontal lobe (额叶). The former 34. emotions,
and the latter helps with people's decision making.
With not everything
fully developed in teenager bodies, it 35. how they react to discipline and the word "no".
Teenagers want to have freedom and the 36. to do what they want. Being teenagers is very 37. . There
are too many things happening in a teen's 38. all at once and their bodies are not quite ready
to 39. everything
that's happening. They are still in the 40. of growing and making all these life decisions.
With teens
having little free time, it's an unhappy thing to hear "no" coming from
41. . Teens
want to do something interesting with friends or just simply 42. without
worrying about anything. They trust themselves to be 43. . Some teens don't understand why they're told
they can't do something. Without reasoning behind the "no", there is often
a spark of 44. leading
into an argument. If parents gave a(an) 45. reason for their decision, it could 46. many arguments and keep a healthy 47. .
Even if they disagree, when knowing their parents' reason 48. , teenagers are less likely to respond in a
negative way.
Parents should
not 49. intervene
with(干预) their kids' choices. It is
a part of growing up, and making 50. and
suffering the consequence is an important lesson to learn.
31.A.right B.strange C.interesting D.acceptable
32.A.meet B.switch C.change D.understand
33.A.occurring B.falling C.appearing D.developing
34.A.calculates B.regulates C.transports D.stimulates
35.A.introduces B.influences C.explains D.forces
36.A.preferences B.desires C.options D.ambition
37.A.stressful B.essential C.relaxed D.annoying
38.A.home B.life C.room D.study
39.A.help B.receive C.handle D.stop
40.A.shape B.form C.project D.process
41.A.doctors B.parents C.friends D.teachers
42.A.hang out B.come over C.stay up D.break down
43.A.honest B.clever C.responsible D.dependent
44.A.complaint B.competition C.commitment D.disagreement
45.A.funny B.polite C.original D.good
46.A.end B.stand C.complete D.hold
47.A.connection B.relationship C.community D.society
48.A.quietly B.detailedly C.easily D.clearly
49.A.always B.occasionally C.seldom D.hardly
50.A.models B.choices C.decisions D.promises
(2022高三上·嘉定期中)For each blank in the following passage there are
four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or
phrase that best fits the context.
The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm's attention is
the design of buildings. Today, thousands of people come to 51. building conferences, and the idea that buildings can be good for
people and the environment will be increasingly 52. in years to come. Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured
products for decoration weren't designed for 53. use. The "energy-efficient" sealed commercial buildings
constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 54. indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall
covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we've been looking for ways to make these
materials 55. for people and the planet.
Home builders can now use materials, such as green paints, that release
significantly 56. amounts of chemical compounds, which
people believe don't 57. the quality of the air. 58. , our basic design strategy is focused
not simply on being "less bad" but on creating 59. healthful materials that can
be either safely returned to the soil or 60. by industry again and again. For example, the world's largest carpet
manufacturer has already 61. a
carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.
Look at it this way: no one 62. to create a building that destroy the
planet. But our current industrial systems are basically causing these
conditions, whether we like it or not. So 63. of simply trying to
reduce the damage, we are 64. a
positive approach. We're giving people high-quality, healthful products and an
opportunity to make choices that have a 65. effect on the world. It
is not just the building industry, either. Entire cities are taking these
environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building.
51.A.commercial B.green C.traditional D.simple
52.A.efficient B.changeable C.influential D.effective
53.A.relevant B.indoor C.flexible D.forward
54.A.revealed B.displayed C.exhibited D.discovered
55.A.careful B.comfortable C.stable D.safe
56.A.reduced B.revised C.delayed D.defined
57.A.destroy B.deny C.dissolve D.depress
58.A.Anyway B.Besides C.Anyhow D.However
59.A.exactly B.completely C.partially D.superficially
60.A.restored B.regain C.reused D.retain
61.A.developed B.stretched C.researched D.constructed
62.A.sets off B.sets about C.sets out D.sets up
63.A.instead B.because C.out D.regardless
64.A.adjusting B.adopting C.adapting D.admitting
65.A.functional B.sensible C.beneficial D.precious
(2022高三上·如皋期中)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Typhoons and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon:
tropical cyclones (热带气旋). However, they go by different names 66. where they occur.
Typhoons develop in the northwestern part of the Pacific
Ocean. They most 67. occur from late June to December. When winds
blow into warm seawater, a lot of warm, moist air evaporates and 68. rapidly, while colder air moves in below. This
creates. 69. causing the winds to move very quickly. The
more warm air and moisture there is, the more 70. the winds. When the winds move faster than 119
kilometers per hour, a typhoon is formed. If a typhoon 71. 241 kilometers per hour, then it becomes a
super typhoon.
The 72. of
a typhoon is called the "eye". This is right in the middle of a
typhoon and is 73. . In the "eye", the wind does not
move so fast. Around the "eye" is the 74. of clouds. This is where the strongest winds
and hardest rains are found. The rain bands are the outer part of a typhoon
that 75. with it.
Typhoons do bring water to people, but they also can be very
76. . They 77. houses and cars, and even kill people. For
example, tropical storm Megi hit the Philippines in April. More than 220 people
died from. 78. and flooding caused by the typhoon.
China is also one of the countries most affected by
typhoons. The 79. time for typhoons landing is from July to
September. 80. , China's coastal residents face 10 typhoon
landings each year.
66.A.relating
to B.depending on C.owing to D.belonging to
67.A.absolutely B.extraordinarily
C.commonly D.entirely
68.A.rises B.disappears C.exits D.erupts
69.A.crisis B.reaction C.power D.pressure
70.A.sufficient B.deadly C.intense D.dramatic
71.A.generates B.lowers C.dominate D.hits
72.A.edge B.center C.essence D.dimension
73.A.striking B.calm C.apparent D.damp
74.A.wall B.roof C.ceiling D.floor
75.A.tracks B.crashes C.spins D.slides
76.A.wide-ranging B.remarkable C.realistic D.destructive
77.A.break
down B.throw in C.fall apart D.blow away
78.A.earthquake B.landslides C.sandstorm D.lightning
79.A.peak B.grand C.rigid D.ideal
80.A.In turn B.At large C.On average D.Above all
答案解析部分
【答案】1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.D;6.C;7.A;8.D;9.B;10.A;11.D;12.B;13.B;14.C;15.B
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了深思熟虑并不总是最好的选择,某些时候,直觉的优势更大。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,代词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
1.句意:如果你的祖先发现灌木丛中有动静,他们会先跑,然后再问问题。A.uncovered“揭露”;B.spotted“发现”;C.blocked“阻碍”;D.encountered“遭遇”。根据上文“Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard.”可知讲述了人类经过数百万年的进化,已经能够不费吹灰之力地对某些情况作出反应,即发现某些情况,可以立即作出反应,可推知发现某些情况会立即作出反应,承接了前文所述内容,故选B。
2.句意:同时,分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因。A.capacity“能力”;B.motive“原因,动机”;C.reluctance“勉强”;D.urge“冲动”。根据常识可知人类之所以要比其他动物高级,就是具有其他动物所不具备的某些方面的能力,因此本处表述的是分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因,故选A。
3.句意:什么时候该相信自己的直觉,什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说,是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。A.consultation“磋商”;B.anticipation“期盼”;C.assumptions“假设”;D.reaction“反应”。根据语境可推知慢速思考即是通过慢慢检验自己的假设,然后才作出判断,空处表达的是假设,故选C。
4.句意:什么时候该相信自己的直觉,什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说,是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。A.integrates“使结合”;B.matters“要紧”;C. works“工作”;D.abuses“虐待”。根据上文“If your ancestors 1 movement in the undergrowth, they would run first and ask questions later.”可知祖先们遇到异常情况会先跑再问,是因为他们所生存的环境是非常险恶的,所以快速思考和慢速思考在大草原上很重要;以及下文“Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace”提到了深思熟虑在职场的重要性;和“Yet instinct also has its place.”可知提到了本能在职场的一席之位,可推知此处讲述的是快速思考还是慢速思考在办公室和大草原一样要紧,故选B。
5.句意:程序越来越多地被设计用来消灭本能反应。A.bring out“拿出”;B.pick out“挑选”;C.make out“起草”;D.stamp out“消灭”。根据上文“Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations.”可知战略变革和预算讨论建立在一轮又一轮的会议、备忘录、公式和演讲之上,即在作出决策之前,要经过很多道程序,经过一次又一次的讨论,这样所作出的决策全是深思熟虑后的结果,完全消灭了由本能所作出的反应,故选D。
6.句意:从盲目筛选求职者到使用“红色团队”技术来分析公司的计划,精确打败了直觉。A.equals“等于”;B.comprises“包括”;C.beats“打败”;D.boosts“激励”。根据语境可知原本是通过直觉来筛选求职者的,现在是利用“红色团队”技术来分析公司计划,寻找出最适合公司的求职者,这种办法能最直接找准目标,所以是精确地打败了由原本凭借直觉所作出的判断,故选C。
7.句意:有些决定更多地与情绪反应有关,本质上难以进行分析。A.manageable“可做到的”;B.adaptable“有适应能力的”;C.familiar“相似的”;D.sensitive“敏感的”。根据语境可知一些决定更多地与情绪反应有关,即主观性因素较多,这个就难以以理性思维来分析了,less manageable“ 是难做到的”,故选A项。
8.句意:市场营销活动是否抓住了你公司的精髓,或者说,这个人是否能与团队中的其他人很好地合作?A.attention“注意”;B.opportunity“机会”;C.status“地位”;D.essence“精髓”。根据上文“Yet instinct also has its place.”可知讲述了本能也站一席之地的;以及下文“In 9 customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.”提到了直觉通常是更好的行为指南,可推知此处表达的意思营销活动是否让你公司直接并精确受益,即是否抓住你公司的精髓,完全依靠经过深思熟虑的营销政策能否解决问题?或者说筛选出来的人是否能与团队中其他人合作?这些都意在表明有些时候直觉还是能被利用上的,深思熟虑后制定的政策并不适用于一切场合,空处表示“精髓”,故选D。
9.句意:在棘手的客户服务情况下,直觉往往是比脚本更好的行为指南。A.rough“粗糙的”;B.tough“棘手的”;C.nervous“神经紧张的”;D.neutral“中立的”。根据语境可知提到直觉是更好的行为指南,这是在某种情况下,推知如果在简单容易的客户服务里,就按照制定好的策略执行就行了,但是在棘手的情况下,那直觉发挥的作用就比制定好的脚本更适用了,可推知空处表示的是棘手的,故选B。
10.句意:直觉也可以得到改善。A.improved“改善”;B. copied“复制”;C.transferred“转移”;D.weakened“变弱”。根据下文“Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience.”可知大量的研究表明,直觉在经验的帮助下变得更加可靠,因为文章前面段落一直在强调很多情况下深思熟虑取代本能直觉,肯定是凭借直觉判断有很大不足才会被深思熟虑所取代,而本处提到了直觉在经验的帮助下会变更可靠,这个就是直觉的一个改善,故选A。
11.句意:在2012年进行的一个著名的实验中,志愿者被要求评估一些名牌手袋是假的还是真的。A.ensure“确保”;B.extinguish“扑灭”;C.clarify“阐明”;D.assess“评定,评估”。根据语境可知提到了一些名牌手提袋的真假;以及下文“Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags;”对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说,直觉更有效,可推知本处是让他们评定这些手提袋的真假,拥有至少三个手提袋的人的直觉会更准,这个就是经验使直觉更可靠,故选D。
12.句意:事实上,它的表现比分析更好。A. undertook“承担”;B.outperformed“比……表现更好”;C.facilitated“促进”;D.paralleled“与……平行”。根据上文“Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags”可知对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说,直觉更有效,即直觉比理性分析更有效,所以此处表述的是它比分析表现更好,故选B。
13.句意:然而,信奉快速思维的真正原因是,它确实很快。A.Likewise“同样地”;B.However“然而”;C.Consequently“因此”;D.Moreover“此外”。根据上文“The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.”可知提到越专业的话直觉就越精确,那么精确度是我们应该信奉快速思维的原因吗?可推知空处表示“然而”,意在表明虽然直觉有时候精确,然而我们信奉它的真正原因是因为它快,故选B。
14.句意:工作场所只不过是一连串的选择,有大有小:什么是优先处理的,什么时候介入,在电梯里避开谁,现在,每天在哪里工作。A.anything“任何事物”;B.something“某事”;C.nothing“没有什么”;D.everything“每一事物”。nothing but固定短语,“只不过是……”,故选C。
15.句意:工作场所只不过是一连串的选择,有大有小:什么是优先处理的,什么时候介入,在电梯里避开谁,现在,每天在哪里工作。A. cooperate“合作”;B.prioritize“优先处理”;C.convince“使信服”;D.strive“奋斗”。根据语境可知讲到了职场是一连串的选择,有大有小,既然有这么多选择,那么总要有先后处理的顺序,故推知空处表示“优先处理”,与后面句子构成排比,即什么是优先处理的,什么时候介入,在电梯里避开谁等等;故选B。
【答案】16.C;17.B;18.A;19.C;20.D;21.B;22.A;23.C;24.D;25.C;26.D;27.A;28.B;29.C;30.C
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了火箭的发明和传播过程。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
16.句意:中国人有一种装在竹筒里的火药,在节日期间被扔进火里去制造爆炸。A. cuisines“烹饪”;B. decorations“装饰”;C. explosions“爆炸”;D. differences“差异”。根据空前“The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to…”和下文“Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.”可推知,把装了火药的竹筒扔进火里是为制造爆炸。故选C。
17.句意:中国人发现,从管子中逸出的火药可能会把它送到空中。A. flying“飞行”;B. escaping“逃跑,逃逸”;C. firing“开火”;D. going“离开”。 根据上文“Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes”和空后“from the tube could lift it into the air.”,并结合常识可以推知,从竹筒里逃逸的火药把竹筒送入空中。故选B。
18.句意:火箭的想法就诞生了。A. born“诞生”;B. burst“爆发”;C. found“发现”;D. improved“改善”。根据上文“Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2000 years ago.”可知第一段介绍了如何偶然发明火箭的想法,所以应该是表达“火箭的想法就诞生了。”。故选A。
19.句意:火箭第一次在军事上的使用是在1232年。A. political“政治的”;B. official“官方的”;C. military“军事的”;D. scientific“科学的”。根据下文“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”,可知这句应该表达的是“火箭在军事上的使用”。故选C。
20.句意:在开封战役中,宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. occupation“占领”;B. attack“攻击';C. search"搜寻";D. battle"战斗"。根据上文“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”和空后“the Song army”推断这里讲述的应该是开封战役。故选D。
21.句意:在开封战役中,宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. sent“邮寄”;B. shot“发射,射击”;C. drove“驾驶”;D. set“设置”。根据空后“arrows of flying fire” 可知宋军发射了火箭。故选B。
22.句意:这些管子连接在一根长杆上,这根长杆帮助火箭沿直线移动。A. tied“系”;B. shaken“摇晃”;C. wrapped“包裹”;D. blown“吹”。根据空前“The tubes” 和空后“to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.”可推断是“被连接到一根长杆上”,故选A。
23.句意:很快,蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭,很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. Finally“最后”;B. Suddenly“突然地”;C. Soon“很快”;D. Thus“因此”。根据空后“the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves”可知,经过与宋军交战,蒙古人很快学会了制造火箭。故选C。
24.句意:很快,蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭,很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. delivered“递送”;B. threw“扔”;C. passed“通过”;D. introduced“介绍,引进”。根据空后“them to Europe.”和下文“England, France and Italy”英国、法国和意大利,可知,蒙古人把火箭引入欧洲。故选D。
25.句意:在13世纪到15世纪之间,英国、法国和意大利进行了许多火箭实验。A. transformations“转变”;B. performances“表演”;C. experiments“实验”;D. exhibitions“展览”。根据下文“They were used for military purposes.” 和“ One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water ”一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行的火箭,可推断是“进行了许多火箭实验”。故选C。
26.句意:一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。A. business“商业,买卖”;B. official“官员,高级职员”;C. transportation“运输”;D. enemy“敌人”。根据上文“They were used for military purposes”推断这里应该是“发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。”,enemy ship“敌舰”。故选D。
27.句意:中国政府官员万虎发明了一把飞天椅。A. flying“飞行”;B. diving“潜水”;C. surfing“冲浪”;D. blowing“吹风”。根据上文“Not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.”和下文“Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first 15 ”,可推断,万虎想要的不是武器,而是飞天的工具——飞天椅。故选A。
28.句意:火箭被点燃,发生了巨大的爆炸,浓烟滚滚。A. packs“包”;B. clouds“云,云状物”;C. masses“大量,许多”;D. piles“一堆”。结合常识,火箭被点燃,出现大量的浓烟,像云朵一样,clouds of thick smoke“浓烟滚滚”。故选B。
29.句意:当烟雾消散时,万虎和他的椅子消失了,没人知道发生了什么。A. faded“褪色”;B. completed“完成”;C. lifted“提起”;D. reflected“反射,反思”。根据空后“Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared, no one knows what happened.”,可推断是烟雾消散后的场景。故选C。
30.句意:还是他被带到了数英里外的太空,成为了世界上第一位宇航员?A. scientist“科学家”;B. researcher“研究员”;C. astronaut“宇航员”;D. explorer“探险家”。结合本段叙述的万虎发明飞天椅和空前“miles into space”可推断,他可能“成为了世界上第一位宇航员”。故选C。
【答案】31.A;32.C;33.D;34.B;35.B;36.C;37.A;38.B;39.C;40.D;41.B;42.A;43.C;44.D;45.D;46.A;47.B;48.D;49.A;50.C
【知识点】说明文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了青少年经常与父母争吵的原因及如何缓解青少年与父母的关系。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
31.句意:青少年常常认为他们说的是对的。A. right“对的,正确的”;B. strange“奇怪的”;C. interesting“有趣的”;D. acceptable“可接受的”。根据上文“Teenagers are more likely to cause conflict with their parents than any other age child.”可知,青少年比其他年龄段的孩子更容易与父母发生冲突,可推知,青少年常常认为他们说的是对的,所以才会不同意父母的意见,与父母发生冲突。故选A。
32.句意:他们相信,如果他们一直争论,他们可以改变父母的想法。A. meet“会面”;B. switch“转换”;C. change“改变”;D. understand“理解”。根据空前“if they keep arguing”"可知,青少年与父母争论的目的是改变父母的想法,让父母同意自己的看法。故选C。
33.句意:青少年与父母争吵是因为在青少年时期,有两件事仍在发展:边缘系统和额叶。A. occurring“发生”;B. falling“下落”;C. appearing“出现”;D. developing“发展”。根据下文“The former 4 emotions,and the latter helps with people's decision making.”可知,边缘系统和额叶的作用是调节情绪和帮助人们做出决策,可推知,是因为边缘系统和额叶仍在发展,还不成熟,所以青少年经常与父母争吵。故选D。
34.句意:前者调节情绪,后者帮助人们做出决策。A. calculates“计算”;B. regulates“调节”;C. transports“运输”;D. stimulates“刺激”。根据上文“Teenagers argue with their parents because two things are still 3 during the adolescent period:the limbic system (边缘系统) and the frontal lobe (额叶).”可知,上文告诉我们青少年与父母争吵的原因是边缘系统仍在发展,可推知,边缘系统是负责调节情绪的,因为仍在发展,所以青少年控制不好自己的情绪。故选B。
35.句意:由于青少年的身体并没有完全发育,这会影响他们对纪律和“不”一词的反应。A. introduces“介绍”;B. influences“影响”;C. explains“解释”;D. forces“强迫”。根据空前“With not everything fully developed in teenage bodies”可知,因为青少年的身体并没有完全发育,无法和成年人一样控制情绪,可推子,这影响了他们对纪律和“不”一词的反应。故选B。
36.句意:青少年希望有自由和选择权去做他们想做的事。A. preference“偏爱”;B. desires“渴望”;C. options“选择,选择权”;D. ambition“雄心”。根据空前“freedom”可知,青少年希望有自由选择的权力,不想听别人的安排,可推知,他们希望有选择权去做他们想做的事。故选C。
37.句意:作为青少年压力很大。A. stressful“压力大的”;B. essential“必不可少的”;C. relaxed“放松的”;D. annoying“令人恼怒的”。根据下文“There are too many things happening in a teen's 8 all at once”可知,在青少年的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生,可推知,作为青少年压力很大。故选A。
38.句意:在青少年的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生,他们的身体还没有完全准备好处理发生的一切。A. home“家”;B. life“生活”;C. room“房间”;D. study“学习”。根据下文“They are still in the 10 of growing and making all these life decisions.”可知,青少年需要做出人生决定,可推断,在他们的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生。故选B。
39.句意:在青少年的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生,他们的身体还没有完全准备好处理发生的一切。A. help“帮助”;B. receive“收到”;C. handle“处理”;D. stop“停止”。根据上文“With not everything fully developed in teenage bodies”和空后“everything that's happening”可知,青少年的身心并没有完全发育,可推断,他们还没有完全准备好处理生活中发生的一切。故选C。
40.句意:他们仍在成长过程中,并做出所有这些人生决定。A. shape“形状”;B. form“表格”;C. project“项目”;D. process“过程”。根据上文“With not everything fully developed in teenage bodies”可知,青少年的身心并没有完全发育,由此可知,他们仍在成长过程中。故选D。
41.句意:由于青少年几乎没有空闲时间,听到父母说“不”是一件不愉快的事情。A. doctors“医生”;B. parents“父母”;C. friends“朋友”;D. teachers“老师”。根据上文“Teenagers are more likely to cause conflict with their parents than any other age child.”可知,本文介绍的是青少年与父母争吵的原因,可推断,青少年听到父母说“不”时,感到不愉快。故选B。
42.句意:青少年想和朋友一起做一些有趣的事情,或者只是闲逛而不担心任何事情。A. hang out“闲逛”;B. come over“顺便来访”;C. stay up“熬夜”;D. break down“发生故障”。根据空后“without worrying about anything”可知,青少年希望有自由时间,不需要担心任何事情,可推断,他们有时只是想闲逛,放松身心。故选A。
43.句意:他们相信自己是可信任的。A. honest“诚实的”;B. clever“聪明的”;C. responsible“可信任的,负责的”;D. dependent“依赖的,不独立的”。根据下文“Some teens don't understand why they're told they can't do something.”可知,有些青少年不明白为什么他们被告知不能做某事,可推断,他们认为自己是可信任的,可以为自己的行为负责任。故选C。
44.句意:如果没有“不”背后的理由,通常会有分歧的火花导致争论。A. complain“抱怨”;B competition“竞争”;C. commitment“承诺”;D. disagreement“分歧”。根据空后“leading into argument”可知,导致争论的应该是青少年和父母之间的分歧。故选D。
45.句意:如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这可以终止许多争论并保持健康的关系。A. funny“有趣的”;B. polite“有礼貌的”;C. original“起初的,原始的”;D. good“好的”。根据空后“it could 16 many arguments and keep a healthy 17 .”可知,要想终止许多争论并保持健康的关系,父母应该给自己的决定提供一个好的理由。故选D。
46.句意:如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这可以终止许多争论并保持健康的关系。A. end“终止”;B. stands“站立”;C. complete“完成”;D. hold“抓住”。根据空前“If parents gave a 15 reason for their decision”可知,如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这会终止许多与孩子之间的争论。故选A。
47.句意:如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这可以终止许多争论并保持健康的关系。A. connection“联系”;B. relationship“关系”;C. community“社区”;D. society“社会”。根据空前“If parents gave a 15 reason for their decision”可知,如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,会让孩子理解他们的决定,有利于保持父母与孩子之间健康的关系。故选B。
48.句意:即使他们不同意,当他们清楚地知道父母的原因时,青少年也不太可能做出消极的反应。A. quietly“安静地”;B. detailedly“详细地”;C. easily “容易地”;D. clearly“清楚地”。根据空后“teenagers are less likely to respond in a negative way”可知,青少年不太可能做出消极的反应,是因为他们清楚地知道父母说“不”的原因。故选D。
49.句意:父母不应该总是干涉孩子的选择。A. always“总是”;B. occasionally“有时地”;C. seldom“不常地,很少地”;D. hardly“几乎不”。根据空后“It is a part of growing up”可知,青少年自己做出选择是成长的一部分,可推断,父母不应该总是干涉孩子的选择。故选A。
50.句意:这是成长的一部分,做出决定并承受后果是需要学习的重要的一课。A. models“模型”;B. choices “选择”;C. decisions“决定”;D. promises“承诺”。根据上文“Parents should not(19)intervene with (干预) their kids' choices.”可知,父母不应该总是干涉孩子的选择,可推断,对于青少年来说,做出决定并承受后果是需要学习的重要的一课。故选C。
【答案】51.B;52.C;53.B;54.A;55.D;56.A;57.A;58.D;59.B;60.C;61.A;62.C;63.A;64.B;65.C
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,从建筑物设计的角度来谈到环保的话题,过去对建筑物的设计没有环保的意识,随着人们意识的提高现在的建筑物从设计到装修都体现了环保的理念.
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
51.句意:今天,成千上万的人参加了绿色建筑会议,建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A:commercial“商业的”;B:green“绿色的”;C:traditional“传统的”;D:simple“简单的”。根据上文“the environmental movement ”可推出话题是有关环境保护的,所以green building conferences此处green代指环保的颜色,故选B。
52.句意:今天,成千上万的人参加了绿色建筑会议,建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A:efficient“高效的”;B:changeable“易变的”;C:influential“有影响的”;D:effective“有效的”。环保这个话题越来越受到重视,所以建筑物对人和环境环保的理念在未来会越来越有影响力,故选C。
53.句意:早在1984年,我们就发现大多数用于装饰的制成品都不是为室内使用而设计的。A:relevant“相关的”;B:indoor“室内的”;C:flexible“灵活的”;D:forward“向前的,前进的”。根据下文“indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint”可知以前的装潢设计都没有考虑都室内的使用,故选B。
54.句意:20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的“节能”商业建筑,由于油漆、墙面覆盖物和地毯等材料导致室内空气质量问题。A:revealed“揭示,暴露”;B:displayed“展示”;C:exhibited“展览”;D:discovered“发现”。根据上文“Back in 1984 we discovered ”提到了以前没有室内环保的意识,在1970年过后暴露了室内空气质量问题,故选A。
55.句意:因此,20年来,我们一直在寻找使这些材料对人类和地球安全的方法。A:careful“小心的。认真的”;B:comfortable“舒适的,舒服的”;C:stable“稳定的”;D:safe“安全的”。根据上文“indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint,wall covering and carpet”提到了室内空气污染是由于油漆,墙纸等引起的,所以最近20年一直在寻找安全的材料,故选D。
56.句意:现在,房屋建筑商可以使用绿色涂料等材料,这些材料释放的化学化合物数量显著减少,人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A:reduced“减少”;B:revised“复习”;C:delayed“延误”;D:defined“定义”。根据空前“use materials,such as green paints”使用比如绿色油漆等环保材料肯定会降低化学物质的含量,故选A。
57.句意:现在,房屋建筑商可以使用绿色涂料等材料,这些材料释放的化学化合物数量显著减少,人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A:destroy“毁坏”;B:deny“否认”;C:dissolve“溶解”;D:depress“使抑郁”。根据语境提到了环保的材料,所以人们相信肯定不会破坏空气质量,故选A。
58.句意:然而,我们的基本设计策略并不仅仅关注于“不那么坏”,而是关注于创造完全健康的材料,这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤,也可以被工业反复使用。A:Anyway“不管怎样,无论如何”;B:Besides“而且”;C:Anyhow“不管用什么方法”;D:However“然而,但是”。根据上下文语境可知此处需要一个转折的连词,however符合题意,故选D。
59.句意:然而,我们的基本设计策略并不仅仅关注于“不那么坏”,而是关注于创造完全健康的材料,这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤,也可以被工业反复使用。A:exactly“确切地”;B:completely“完全地”;C:partially“部分的,偏袒的”;D:superficially“表面地,不深入地”。此处completely用来修饰healthful,有加强语气的作用,故选B。
60.句意:然而,我们的基本设计策略并不仅仅关注于“不那么坏”,而是关注于创造完全健康的材料,这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤,也可以被工业反复使用。A:restored“恢复”;B:regain“重新获得”;C:reused“再使用”;D:retain“保留”。根据空前“safely returned to the soil”可知,此处是循环使用,故选C。
61.句意:例如,世界上最大的地毯制造商已经开发出一种完全安全可回收的地毯。A:developed“开发,发展”;B:stretched“伸展”;C:researched“研究”;D:constructed“建构”。根据空前“the world's largest carpet manufacturer” 世界上最大的地毯制造商只能是研发,故选A。
62.句意:这样看:没有人打算建造一座摧毁地球的建筑。A:sets off“出发,使爆炸”;B:sets about“动手,开始”;C:sets out“出发,开始”;D:sets up“建立”。set out to do/sets about doing,固定短语,“开始做某事”,空后是不定式 to create ,故选C。
63.句意:因此,我们不是简单地试图减少损害,而是采取积极的做法。A:instead“代替”;B:because“因为”;C:out“在外”;D:regardless“尽管”。根据上文可知,此处instead of表示不仅仅是减少破坏,还要采取积极的方法,故选A。
64.句意:因此,我们不是简单地试图减少损害,而是采取积极的做法。A:adjusting“适应”;B:adopting“采纳,采取”;C:adapting“适应,改编”;D:admitting“承认”。根据空后“a positive approach”积极的方法,所以此处指采用积极的做法,故选B。
65.句意:我们为人们提供了高质量、健康的产品,并提供了一个机会,让他们做出对世界有影响的选择。A:functional“起作用的”;B:sensible“明智的,合情理的”;C:beneficial“有益的”;D:precious“珍贵的”。根据空前“high-quality,healthful products ”高质量的,健康环保的产品自然对世界有积极的意义和好处,故选C。
【答案】66.B;67.C;68.A;69.D;70.C;71.D;72.B;73.B;74.A;75.C;76.D;77.D;78.B;79.A;80.C
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了台风的形成以及造成的危害。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
66.句意:然而,根据它们发生的地方,它们有不同的名称。A. relating to“与……相关”;B. depending on“取决于”;C. owing to“归功于,由于”;D. belonging to“属于”。根据空后“where they occur”可知,台风和飓风的名字取决于它们发生的地方。故选B。
67.句意:它们最常发生在6月下旬至12月。A. absolutely“绝对地”;B. extraordinarily“非凡地”;C. commonly“普通地”;D. entirely“完全地”。此处表示台风通常发生在6月下旬至12月。故选C。
68.句意:当风吹进温暖的海水时,大量温暖潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升,而冷空气则在下面移动。A. rises“上升”;B. disappears“消失”;C. exits“存在”;D. erupts“爆发”。根据空后“while colder air moves in below.”可知,此处构成转折关系,大量温暖潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升,而冷空气则在下面移动。故选A。
69.句意:这就产生了压力,导致风的移动非常迅速。A. crisis“危机”;B. reaction“反应”;C. power“力量”;D. pressure“压力”。根据空后“causing the winds to move very quickly.”可知,潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升,冷空气向下移动由此不断地产生压力,该压力导致风的移动非常迅速。故选D。
70.句意:温暖的空气和湿气越多,风就越猛烈。A. sufficient“充足的”;B. deadly“致命的”;C. intense“紧张的,猛烈的”;D. dramatic“引人注目的,戏剧的”。根据上文“This creates 4 causing the winds to move very quickly.”可知,温暖的空气和湿气越多,压力就越大,风移动的速度就越快,于是风就越猛烈。故选C。
71.句意:如果台风达到每小时241公里,就会成为超级台风。A. generates“产生”;B. lowers“降低”;C. dominate“统治”;D. hits“击中,达到”。根据空后“241 kilometers per hour”可知,当台风达到每小时241公里,就会成为超级台风。故选D。
72.句意:台风的中心被称为“风眼”。A. edge“边缘”;B. center“中心”;C. essence“本质”;D. dimension“维度,规模”。根据下文“This is right in the middle of a typhoon”可知,台风的中心被称为风眼。故选B。
73.句意:台风眼在台风的正中间,风平浪静。A. striking“惊人的”;B. calm“冷静的”;C. apparent“明显的”;D. damp“潮湿的”。根据下文“In the ‘eye’, the wind does not move so fast.”可知,在台风眼里,风的移动没有那么快,由此台风的中间是风平浪静的。故选B。
74.句意:“眼”的周围是云墙。A. wall“墙”;B. roof“屋顶”;C. ceiling“天花板”;D. floor“地板”。根据下文“This is where the strongest winds and hardest rains are found.”可知,此处有最强的风和最强的雨,这里就是云墙。故选A。
75.句意:雨带是台风的外围部分,随台风旋转。A. tracks“追踪”;B. crashes“撞击”;C. spins“旋转”;D. slides“滑”。根据常识可知,台风是不断旋转前进的。故选C。
76.句意:台风确实给人们带来了水,但它们也可能非常具有破坏性。A. wide-ranging“广泛的”;B. remarkable“杰出的,显著的”;C. realistic“现实的”;D. destructive“破坏性的”。根据下文“They 12 houses and cars, and even kill people.”可知,台风吹走房屋和汽车,甚至杀死人,因此具有破坏性。故选D。
77.句意:它们吹走房屋和汽车,甚至杀死人。A. break down“崩溃,出故障”;B. throw in“扔进”;C. fall apart“分崩离析,瓦解”;D. blow away“吹走,驱散”。根据空后“houses and cars”可知,台风吹走房屋和汽车。故选D。
78.句意:超过220人死于台风造成的山体滑坡和洪水。A. earthquake“地震”;B. landslides“山体滑坡”;C. sandstorm“沙尘暴”;D. lightning“闪电”。根据空后“flooding”以及常识可知,台风会造成次生灾害如山体滑坡和洪水。故选B。
79.句意:台风登陆的高峰期是7月到9月。A. peak“巅峰的”;B. grand“宏伟的”;C. rigid“死板的,僵化的”;D. ideal“理想的”。根据上文“China is also one of the countries most affected by typhoons.”可知,前文强调中国频繁受到台风的影响,故此处应该指出台风登陆中国的高峰期是7月到9月。故选A。
80.句意:中国沿海居民平均每年面临10次台风登陆。A. In turn“依次,轮流”;B. At large“详尽地”;C. On average“平均地”;D. Above all“最重要的是”。根据空后“each year”可知,中国沿海居民平均每年面临10次台风登陆。故选C。
备考2023年高考英语二轮专题:完形填空(说明文)
一、完形填空
(2023高三上·上海期末)For each blank in the following passage
there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with
the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Deliberation is not always the best
option
Humans have developed over millions of
years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard.
If your ancestors 1. movement in the undergrowth, they would
run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the 2. to analyse and to plan is
part of what distinguishes people from other animals.
The question of when to trust your gut(直觉)and when to test
your 3. —whether to think fast or slow, in the
language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist— 4. in the office as much as it does in the savannah(大草原).
Deliberative thinking is the feature of
a well-managed workplace. Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on
rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are
increasingly designed to 5. instinctive responses. From blind screening of
job applicants to using "red-teaming" techniques to pick apart a
firm's plans, precision 6. instinct.
Yet instinct also has its place. Some
decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently(固有的)less 7. to analysis. Does a marketing
campaign capture the 8. of your company, say, or would this person
work well with other people in a team In 9. customer-service situations,
intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.
Gut instincts can also be 10. . Plenty of research has shown that
intuition becomes more unfailing with experience. In one well-known experiment,
conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to 11. whether a selection of
designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on
instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better
for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it 12. analysis. The more expert you
become, the better your instincts tend to be.
13. , the real reason to embrace fast
thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the
only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once
estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The
workplace is 14. but a succession of choices, a few big
and many small: what to 15. , when to intervene, whom to avoid in
the lifts and, now, where to work each day.
1.A.uncovered B.spotted C.blocked D.encountered
2.A.capacity B.motive C.reluctance D.urge
3.A.consultation B.anticipation C.assumptions D.reaction
4.A.integrates B.matters C.works D.abuses
5.A.bring out B.pick
out C.make out D.stamp out
6.A.equals B.comprises C.beats D.boosts
7.A.manageable B.adaptable C.familiar D.sensitive
8.A.attention B.opportunity C.status D.essence
9.A.rough B.tough C.nervous D.neutral
10.A.improved B.copied C.transferred D.weakened
11.A.ensure B.extinguish C.clarify D.assess
12.A.undertook B.outperformed C.facilitated D.paralleled
13.A.Likewise B.However C.Consequently D.Moreover
14.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
15.A.cooperate B.prioritize C.convince D.strive
【答案】1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.D;6.C;7.A;8.D;9.B;10.A;11.D;12.B;13.B;14.C;15.B
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了深思熟虑并不总是最好的选择,某些时候,直觉的优势更大。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,代词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
1.句意:如果你的祖先发现灌木丛中有动静,他们会先跑,然后再问问题。A.uncovered“揭露”;B.spotted“发现”;C.blocked“阻碍”;D.encountered“遭遇”。根据上文“Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard.”可知讲述了人类经过数百万年的进化,已经能够不费吹灰之力地对某些情况作出反应,即发现某些情况,可以立即作出反应,可推知发现某些情况会立即作出反应,承接了前文所述内容,故选B。
2.句意:同时,分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因。A.capacity“能力”;B.motive“原因,动机”;C.reluctance“勉强”;D.urge“冲动”。根据常识可知人类之所以要比其他动物高级,就是具有其他动物所不具备的某些方面的能力,因此本处表述的是分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因,故选A。
3.句意:什么时候该相信自己的直觉,什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说,是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。A.consultation“磋商”;B.anticipation“期盼”;C.assumptions“假设”;D.reaction“反应”。根据语境可推知慢速思考即是通过慢慢检验自己的假设,然后才作出判断,空处表达的是假设,故选C。
4.句意:什么时候该相信自己的直觉,什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家Daniel Kahneman的话来说,是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。A.integrates“使结合”;B.matters“要紧”;C. works“工作”;D.abuses“虐待”。根据上文“If your ancestors 1 movement in the undergrowth, they would run first and ask questions later.”可知祖先们遇到异常情况会先跑再问,是因为他们所生存的环境是非常险恶的,所以快速思考和慢速思考在大草原上很重要;以及下文“Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace”提到了深思熟虑在职场的重要性;和“Yet instinct also has its place.”可知提到了本能在职场的一席之位,可推知此处讲述的是快速思考还是慢速思考在办公室和大草原一样要紧,故选B。
5.句意:程序越来越多地被设计用来消灭本能反应。A.bring out“拿出”;B.pick out“挑选”;C.make out“起草”;D.stamp out“消灭”。根据上文“Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations.”可知战略变革和预算讨论建立在一轮又一轮的会议、备忘录、公式和演讲之上,即在作出决策之前,要经过很多道程序,经过一次又一次的讨论,这样所作出的决策全是深思熟虑后的结果,完全消灭了由本能所作出的反应,故选D。
6.句意:从盲目筛选求职者到使用“红色团队”技术来分析公司的计划,精确打败了直觉。A.equals“等于”;B.comprises“包括”;C.beats“打败”;D.boosts“激励”。根据语境可知原本是通过直觉来筛选求职者的,现在是利用“红色团队”技术来分析公司计划,寻找出最适合公司的求职者,这种办法能最直接找准目标,所以是精确地打败了由原本凭借直觉所作出的判断,故选C。
7.句意:有些决定更多地与情绪反应有关,本质上难以进行分析。A.manageable“可做到的”;B.adaptable“有适应能力的”;C.familiar“相似的”;D.sensitive“敏感的”。根据语境可知一些决定更多地与情绪反应有关,即主观性因素较多,这个就难以以理性思维来分析了,less manageable“ 是难做到的”,故选A项。
8.句意:市场营销活动是否抓住了你公司的精髓,或者说,这个人是否能与团队中的其他人很好地合作?A.attention“注意”;B.opportunity“机会”;C.status“地位”;D.essence“精髓”。根据上文“Yet instinct also has its place.”可知讲述了本能也站一席之地的;以及下文“In 9 customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.”提到了直觉通常是更好的行为指南,可推知此处表达的意思营销活动是否让你公司直接并精确受益,即是否抓住你公司的精髓,完全依靠经过深思熟虑的营销政策能否解决问题?或者说筛选出来的人是否能与团队中其他人合作?这些都意在表明有些时候直觉还是能被利用上的,深思熟虑后制定的政策并不适用于一切场合,空处表示“精髓”,故选D。
9.句意:在棘手的客户服务情况下,直觉往往是比脚本更好的行为指南。A.rough“粗糙的”;B.tough“棘手的”;C.nervous“神经紧张的”;D.neutral“中立的”。根据语境可知提到直觉是更好的行为指南,这是在某种情况下,推知如果在简单容易的客户服务里,就按照制定好的策略执行就行了,但是在棘手的情况下,那直觉发挥的作用就比制定好的脚本更适用了,可推知空处表示的是棘手的,故选B。
10.句意:直觉也可以得到改善。A.improved“改善”;B. copied“复制”;C.transferred“转移”;D.weakened“变弱”。根据下文“Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience.”可知大量的研究表明,直觉在经验的帮助下变得更加可靠,因为文章前面段落一直在强调很多情况下深思熟虑取代本能直觉,肯定是凭借直觉判断有很大不足才会被深思熟虑所取代,而本处提到了直觉在经验的帮助下会变更可靠,这个就是直觉的一个改善,故选A。
11.句意:在2012年进行的一个著名的实验中,志愿者被要求评估一些名牌手袋是假的还是真的。A.ensure“确保”;B.extinguish“扑灭”;C.clarify“阐明”;D.assess“评定,评估”。根据语境可知提到了一些名牌手提袋的真假;以及下文“Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags;”对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说,直觉更有效,可推知本处是让他们评定这些手提袋的真假,拥有至少三个手提袋的人的直觉会更准,这个就是经验使直觉更可靠,故选D。
12.句意:事实上,它的表现比分析更好。A. undertook“承担”;B.outperformed“比……表现更好”;C.facilitated“促进”;D.paralleled“与……平行”。根据上文“Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags”可知对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说,直觉更有效,即直觉比理性分析更有效,所以此处表述的是它比分析表现更好,故选B。
13.句意:然而,信奉快速思维的真正原因是,它确实很快。A.Likewise“同样地”;B.However“然而”;C.Consequently“因此”;D.Moreover“此外”。根据上文“The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.”可知提到越专业的话直觉就越精确,那么精确度是我们应该信奉快速思维的原因吗?可推知空处表示“然而”,意在表明虽然直觉有时候精确,然而我们信奉它的真正原因是因为它快,故选B。
14.句意:工作场所只不过是一连串的选择,有大有小:什么是优先处理的,什么时候介入,在电梯里避开谁,现在,每天在哪里工作。A.anything“任何事物”;B.something“某事”;C.nothing“没有什么”;D.everything“每一事物”。nothing but固定短语,“只不过是……”,故选C。
15.句意:工作场所只不过是一连串的选择,有大有小:什么是优先处理的,什么时候介入,在电梯里避开谁,现在,每天在哪里工作。A. cooperate“合作”;B.prioritize“优先处理”;C.convince“使信服”;D.strive“奋斗”。根据语境可知讲到了职场是一连串的选择,有大有小,既然有这么多选择,那么总要有先后处理的顺序,故推知空处表示“优先处理”,与后面句子构成排比,即什么是优先处理的,什么时候介入,在电梯里避开谁等等;故选B。
(2022高三上·青岛月考)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Rockets were probably
invented by accident about 2000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder
which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make 16. ·during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire
instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gunpowder 17. from the tube could lift it
into the air. The idea of the rocket was 18. .
The first 19. use of rockets was in 1232.
The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the 20. of Kaifeng, the Song army 21. "arrows of flying
fire". The tubes were 22. to a long stick which helped keep the rocket
moving in a straight direction. 23. the Mongols learned how to
make rockets themselves and it is possible that they 24. them to Europe. Between the
13th and 15th century there were many rocket 25. in England, France and Italy.
They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a
rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit a(an) 26. ship.
Not everybody wanted
to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a 27. chair. He fixed two big kites
to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a
huge explosion and 28. of thick smoke. When the smoke 29. Wan Hu and his chair had
disappeared, no one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion Or
was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first 30.
16.A.cuisines B.decorations C.explosions D.differences
17.A.flying B.escaping C.firing D.going
18.A.born B.burst C.found D.improved
19.A.political B.official C.military D.scientific
20.A.occupation B.attack C.search D.battle
21.A.sent B.shot C.drove D.set
22.A.tied B.shaken C.wrapped D.blown
23.A.Finally B.Suddenly C.Soon D.Thus
24.A.delivered B.threw C.passed D.introduced
25.A.transformations B.performances
C.experiments D.exhibitions
26.A.business B.official C.transportation D.enemy
27.A.flying B.diving C.surfing D.blowing
28.A.packs B.clouds C.masses D.piles
29.A.faded B.completed C.lifted D.reflected
30.A.scientist B.researcher C.astronaut D.explorer
【答案】16.C;17.B;18.A;19.C;20.D;21.B;22.A;23.C;24.D;25.C;26.D;27.A;28.B;29.C;30.C
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了火箭的发明和传播过程。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
16.句意:中国人有一种装在竹筒里的火药,在节日期间被扔进火里去制造爆炸。A. cuisines“烹饪”;B. decorations“装饰”;C. explosions“爆炸”;D. differences“差异”。根据空前“The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to…”和下文“Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.”可推知,把装了火药的竹筒扔进火里是为制造爆炸。故选C。
17.句意:中国人发现,从管子中逸出的火药可能会把它送到空中。A. flying“飞行”;B. escaping“逃跑,逃逸”;C. firing“开火”;D. going“离开”。 根据上文“Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes”和空后“from the tube could lift it into the air.”,并结合常识可以推知,从竹筒里逃逸的火药把竹筒送入空中。故选B。
18.句意:火箭的想法就诞生了。A. born“诞生”;B. burst“爆发”;C. found“发现”;D. improved“改善”。根据上文“Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2000 years ago.”可知第一段介绍了如何偶然发明火箭的想法,所以应该是表达“火箭的想法就诞生了。”。故选A。
19.句意:火箭第一次在军事上的使用是在1232年。A. political“政治的”;B. official“官方的”;C. military“军事的”;D. scientific“科学的”。根据下文“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”,可知这句应该表达的是“火箭在军事上的使用”。故选C。
20.句意:在开封战役中,宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. occupation“占领”;B. attack“攻击';C. search"搜寻";D. battle"战斗"。根据上文“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”和空后“the Song army”推断这里讲述的应该是开封战役。故选D。
21.句意:在开封战役中,宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. sent“邮寄”;B. shot“发射,射击”;C. drove“驾驶”;D. set“设置”。根据空后“arrows of flying fire” 可知宋军发射了火箭。故选B。
22.句意:这些管子连接在一根长杆上,这根长杆帮助火箭沿直线移动。A. tied“系”;B. shaken“摇晃”;C. wrapped“包裹”;D. blown“吹”。根据空前“The tubes” 和空后“to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.”可推断是“被连接到一根长杆上”,故选A。
23.句意:很快,蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭,很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. Finally“最后”;B. Suddenly“突然地”;C. Soon“很快”;D. Thus“因此”。根据空后“the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves”可知,经过与宋军交战,蒙古人很快学会了制造火箭。故选C。
24.句意:很快,蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭,很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. delivered“递送”;B. threw“扔”;C. passed“通过”;D. introduced“介绍,引进”。根据空后“them to Europe.”和下文“England, France and Italy”英国、法国和意大利,可知,蒙古人把火箭引入欧洲。故选D。
25.句意:在13世纪到15世纪之间,英国、法国和意大利进行了许多火箭实验。A. transformations“转变”;B. performances“表演”;C. experiments“实验”;D. exhibitions“展览”。根据下文“They were used for military purposes.” 和“ One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water ”一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行的火箭,可推断是“进行了许多火箭实验”。故选C。
26.句意:一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。A. business“商业,买卖”;B. official“官员,高级职员”;C. transportation“运输”;D. enemy“敌人”。根据上文“They were used for military purposes”推断这里应该是“发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。”,enemy ship“敌舰”。故选D。
27.句意:中国政府官员万虎发明了一把飞天椅。A. flying“飞行”;B. diving“潜水”;C. surfing“冲浪”;D. blowing“吹风”。根据上文“Not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.”和下文“Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first 15 ”,可推断,万虎想要的不是武器,而是飞天的工具——飞天椅。故选A。
28.句意:火箭被点燃,发生了巨大的爆炸,浓烟滚滚。A. packs“包”;B. clouds“云,云状物”;C. masses“大量,许多”;D. piles“一堆”。结合常识,火箭被点燃,出现大量的浓烟,像云朵一样,clouds of thick smoke“浓烟滚滚”。故选B。
29.句意:当烟雾消散时,万虎和他的椅子消失了,没人知道发生了什么。A. faded“褪色”;B. completed“完成”;C. lifted“提起”;D. reflected“反射,反思”。根据空后“Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared, no one knows what happened.”,可推断是烟雾消散后的场景。故选C。
30.句意:还是他被带到了数英里外的太空,成为了世界上第一位宇航员?A. scientist“科学家”;B. researcher“研究员”;C. astronaut“宇航员”;D. explorer“探险家”。结合本段叙述的万虎发明飞天椅和空前“miles into space”可推断,他可能“成为了世界上第一位宇航员”。故选C。
(2022高三上·礼泉月考)完形填空
Teenagers are
more likely to cause conflict with their parents than any other age child. Teens
often think what they are saying is 31. . They believe that if they keep arguing, they
can 32. their
parents.
Teenagers argue
with their parents because two things are still 33. during the adolescent period: the limbic system
(边缘系统) and the frontal lobe (额叶). The former 34. emotions,
and the latter helps with people's decision making.
With not everything
fully developed in teenager bodies, it 35. how they react to discipline and the word "no".
Teenagers want to have freedom and the 36. to do what they want. Being teenagers is very 37. . There
are too many things happening in a teen's 38. all at once and their bodies are not quite ready
to 39. everything
that's happening. They are still in the 40. of growing and making all these life decisions.
With teens
having little free time, it's an unhappy thing to hear "no" coming from
41. . Teens
want to do something interesting with friends or just simply 42. without
worrying about anything. They trust themselves to be 43. . Some teens don't understand why they're told
they can't do something. Without reasoning behind the "no", there is often
a spark of 44. leading
into an argument. If parents gave a(an) 45. reason for their decision, it could 46. many arguments and keep a healthy 47. .
Even if they disagree, when knowing their parents' reason 48. , teenagers are less likely to respond in a
negative way.
Parents should
not 49. intervene
with(干预) their kids' choices. It is
a part of growing up, and making 50. and
suffering the consequence is an important lesson to learn.
31.A.right B.strange C.interesting D.acceptable
32.A.meet B.switch C.change D.understand
33.A.occurring B.falling C.appearing D.developing
34.A.calculates B.regulates C.transports D.stimulates
35.A.introduces B.influences C.explains D.forces
36.A.preferences B.desires C.options D.ambition
37.A.stressful B.essential C.relaxed D.annoying
38.A.home B.life C.room D.study
39.A.help B.receive C.handle D.stop
40.A.shape B.form C.project D.process
41.A.doctors B.parents C.friends D.teachers
42.A.hang out B.come over C.stay up D.break down
43.A.honest B.clever C.responsible D.dependent
44.A.complaint B.competition C.commitment D.disagreement
45.A.funny B.polite C.original D.good
46.A.end B.stand C.complete D.hold
47.A.connection B.relationship C.community D.society
48.A.quietly B.detailedly C.easily D.clearly
49.A.always B.occasionally C.seldom D.hardly
50.A.models B.choices C.decisions D.promises
【答案】31.A;32.C;33.D;34.B;35.B;36.C;37.A;38.B;39.C;40.D;41.B;42.A;43.C;44.D;45.D;46.A;47.B;48.D;49.A;50.C
【知识点】说明文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了青少年经常与父母争吵的原因及如何缓解青少年与父母的关系。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
31.句意:青少年常常认为他们说的是对的。A. right“对的,正确的”;B. strange“奇怪的”;C. interesting“有趣的”;D. acceptable“可接受的”。根据上文“Teenagers are more likely to cause conflict with their parents than any other age child.”可知,青少年比其他年龄段的孩子更容易与父母发生冲突,可推知,青少年常常认为他们说的是对的,所以才会不同意父母的意见,与父母发生冲突。故选A。
32.句意:他们相信,如果他们一直争论,他们可以改变父母的想法。A. meet“会面”;B. switch“转换”;C. change“改变”;D. understand“理解”。根据空前“if they keep arguing”"可知,青少年与父母争论的目的是改变父母的想法,让父母同意自己的看法。故选C。
33.句意:青少年与父母争吵是因为在青少年时期,有两件事仍在发展:边缘系统和额叶。A. occurring“发生”;B. falling“下落”;C. appearing“出现”;D. developing“发展”。根据下文“The former 4 emotions,and the latter helps with people's decision making.”可知,边缘系统和额叶的作用是调节情绪和帮助人们做出决策,可推知,是因为边缘系统和额叶仍在发展,还不成熟,所以青少年经常与父母争吵。故选D。
34.句意:前者调节情绪,后者帮助人们做出决策。A. calculates“计算”;B. regulates“调节”;C. transports“运输”;D. stimulates“刺激”。根据上文“Teenagers argue with their parents because two things are still 3 during the adolescent period:the limbic system (边缘系统) and the frontal lobe (额叶).”可知,上文告诉我们青少年与父母争吵的原因是边缘系统仍在发展,可推知,边缘系统是负责调节情绪的,因为仍在发展,所以青少年控制不好自己的情绪。故选B。
35.句意:由于青少年的身体并没有完全发育,这会影响他们对纪律和“不”一词的反应。A. introduces“介绍”;B. influences“影响”;C. explains“解释”;D. forces“强迫”。根据空前“With not everything fully developed in teenage bodies”可知,因为青少年的身体并没有完全发育,无法和成年人一样控制情绪,可推子,这影响了他们对纪律和“不”一词的反应。故选B。
36.句意:青少年希望有自由和选择权去做他们想做的事。A. preference“偏爱”;B. desires“渴望”;C. options“选择,选择权”;D. ambition“雄心”。根据空前“freedom”可知,青少年希望有自由选择的权力,不想听别人的安排,可推知,他们希望有选择权去做他们想做的事。故选C。
37.句意:作为青少年压力很大。A. stressful“压力大的”;B. essential“必不可少的”;C. relaxed“放松的”;D. annoying“令人恼怒的”。根据下文“There are too many things happening in a teen's 8 all at once”可知,在青少年的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生,可推知,作为青少年压力很大。故选A。
38.句意:在青少年的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生,他们的身体还没有完全准备好处理发生的一切。A. home“家”;B. life“生活”;C. room“房间”;D. study“学习”。根据下文“They are still in the 10 of growing and making all these life decisions.”可知,青少年需要做出人生决定,可推断,在他们的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生。故选B。
39.句意:在青少年的生活中,有太多的事情同时发生,他们的身体还没有完全准备好处理发生的一切。A. help“帮助”;B. receive“收到”;C. handle“处理”;D. stop“停止”。根据上文“With not everything fully developed in teenage bodies”和空后“everything that's happening”可知,青少年的身心并没有完全发育,可推断,他们还没有完全准备好处理生活中发生的一切。故选C。
40.句意:他们仍在成长过程中,并做出所有这些人生决定。A. shape“形状”;B. form“表格”;C. project“项目”;D. process“过程”。根据上文“With not everything fully developed in teenage bodies”可知,青少年的身心并没有完全发育,由此可知,他们仍在成长过程中。故选D。
41.句意:由于青少年几乎没有空闲时间,听到父母说“不”是一件不愉快的事情。A. doctors“医生”;B. parents“父母”;C. friends“朋友”;D. teachers“老师”。根据上文“Teenagers are more likely to cause conflict with their parents than any other age child.”可知,本文介绍的是青少年与父母争吵的原因,可推断,青少年听到父母说“不”时,感到不愉快。故选B。
42.句意:青少年想和朋友一起做一些有趣的事情,或者只是闲逛而不担心任何事情。A. hang out“闲逛”;B. come over“顺便来访”;C. stay up“熬夜”;D. break down“发生故障”。根据空后“without worrying about anything”可知,青少年希望有自由时间,不需要担心任何事情,可推断,他们有时只是想闲逛,放松身心。故选A。
43.句意:他们相信自己是可信任的。A. honest“诚实的”;B. clever“聪明的”;C. responsible“可信任的,负责的”;D. dependent“依赖的,不独立的”。根据下文“Some teens don't understand why they're told they can't do something.”可知,有些青少年不明白为什么他们被告知不能做某事,可推断,他们认为自己是可信任的,可以为自己的行为负责任。故选C。
44.句意:如果没有“不”背后的理由,通常会有分歧的火花导致争论。A. complain“抱怨”;B competition“竞争”;C. commitment“承诺”;D. disagreement“分歧”。根据空后“leading into argument”可知,导致争论的应该是青少年和父母之间的分歧。故选D。
45.句意:如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这可以终止许多争论并保持健康的关系。A. funny“有趣的”;B. polite“有礼貌的”;C. original“起初的,原始的”;D. good“好的”。根据空后“it could 16 many arguments and keep a healthy 17 .”可知,要想终止许多争论并保持健康的关系,父母应该给自己的决定提供一个好的理由。故选D。
46.句意:如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这可以终止许多争论并保持健康的关系。A. end“终止”;B. stands“站立”;C. complete“完成”;D. hold“抓住”。根据空前“If parents gave a 15 reason for their decision”可知,如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这会终止许多与孩子之间的争论。故选A。
47.句意:如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,这可以终止许多争论并保持健康的关系。A. connection“联系”;B. relationship“关系”;C. community“社区”;D. society“社会”。根据空前“If parents gave a 15 reason for their decision”可知,如果父母为他们的决定提供一个好的理由,会让孩子理解他们的决定,有利于保持父母与孩子之间健康的关系。故选B。
48.句意:即使他们不同意,当他们清楚地知道父母的原因时,青少年也不太可能做出消极的反应。A. quietly“安静地”;B. detailedly“详细地”;C. easily “容易地”;D. clearly“清楚地”。根据空后“teenagers are less likely to respond in a negative way”可知,青少年不太可能做出消极的反应,是因为他们清楚地知道父母说“不”的原因。故选D。
49.句意:父母不应该总是干涉孩子的选择。A. always“总是”;B. occasionally“有时地”;C. seldom“不常地,很少地”;D. hardly“几乎不”。根据空后“It is a part of growing up”可知,青少年自己做出选择是成长的一部分,可推断,父母不应该总是干涉孩子的选择。故选A。
50.句意:这是成长的一部分,做出决定并承受后果是需要学习的重要的一课。A. models“模型”;B. choices “选择”;C. decisions“决定”;D. promises“承诺”。根据上文“Parents should not(19)intervene with (干预) their kids' choices.”可知,父母不应该总是干涉孩子的选择,可推断,对于青少年来说,做出决定并承受后果是需要学习的重要的一课。故选C。
(2022高三上·嘉定期中)For each blank in the following passage there are
four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or
phrase that best fits the context.
The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm's attention is
the design of buildings. Today, thousands of people come to 51. building conferences, and the idea that buildings can be good for
people and the environment will be increasingly 52. in years to come. Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured
products for decoration weren't designed for 53. use. The "energy-efficient" sealed commercial buildings
constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 54. indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall
covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we've been looking for ways to make these
materials 55. for people and the planet.
Home builders can now use materials, such as green paints, that release
significantly 56. amounts of chemical compounds, which
people believe don't 57. the quality of the air. 58. , our basic design strategy is focused
not simply on being "less bad" but on creating 59. healthful materials that can
be either safely returned to the soil or 60. by industry again and again. For example, the world's largest carpet
manufacturer has already 61. a
carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.
Look at it this way: no one 62. to create a building that destroy the
planet. But our current industrial systems are basically causing these
conditions, whether we like it or not. So 63. of simply trying to
reduce the damage, we are 64. a
positive approach. We're giving people high-quality, healthful products and an
opportunity to make choices that have a 65. effect on the world. It
is not just the building industry, either. Entire cities are taking these
environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building.
51.A.commercial B.green C.traditional D.simple
52.A.efficient B.changeable C.influential D.effective
53.A.relevant B.indoor C.flexible D.forward
54.A.revealed B.displayed C.exhibited D.discovered
55.A.careful B.comfortable C.stable D.safe
56.A.reduced B.revised C.delayed D.defined
57.A.destroy B.deny C.dissolve D.depress
58.A.Anyway B.Besides C.Anyhow D.However
59.A.exactly B.completely C.partially D.superficially
60.A.restored B.regain C.reused D.retain
61.A.developed B.stretched C.researched D.constructed
62.A.sets off B.sets about C.sets out D.sets up
63.A.instead B.because C.out D.regardless
64.A.adjusting B.adopting C.adapting D.admitting
65.A.functional B.sensible C.beneficial D.precious
【答案】51.B;52.C;53.B;54.A;55.D;56.A;57.A;58.D;59.B;60.C;61.A;62.C;63.A;64.B;65.C
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,从建筑物设计的角度来谈到环保的话题,过去对建筑物的设计没有环保的意识,随着人们意识的提高现在的建筑物从设计到装修都体现了环保的理念.
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
51.句意:今天,成千上万的人参加了绿色建筑会议,建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A:commercial“商业的”;B:green“绿色的”;C:traditional“传统的”;D:simple“简单的”。根据上文“the environmental movement ”可推出话题是有关环境保护的,所以green building conferences此处green代指环保的颜色,故选B。
52.句意:今天,成千上万的人参加了绿色建筑会议,建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A:efficient“高效的”;B:changeable“易变的”;C:influential“有影响的”;D:effective“有效的”。环保这个话题越来越受到重视,所以建筑物对人和环境环保的理念在未来会越来越有影响力,故选C。
53.句意:早在1984年,我们就发现大多数用于装饰的制成品都不是为室内使用而设计的。A:relevant“相关的”;B:indoor“室内的”;C:flexible“灵活的”;D:forward“向前的,前进的”。根据下文“indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint”可知以前的装潢设计都没有考虑都室内的使用,故选B。
54.句意:20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的“节能”商业建筑,由于油漆、墙面覆盖物和地毯等材料导致室内空气质量问题。A:revealed“揭示,暴露”;B:displayed“展示”;C:exhibited“展览”;D:discovered“发现”。根据上文“Back in 1984 we discovered ”提到了以前没有室内环保的意识,在1970年过后暴露了室内空气质量问题,故选A。
55.句意:因此,20年来,我们一直在寻找使这些材料对人类和地球安全的方法。A:careful“小心的。认真的”;B:comfortable“舒适的,舒服的”;C:stable“稳定的”;D:safe“安全的”。根据上文“indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint,wall covering and carpet”提到了室内空气污染是由于油漆,墙纸等引起的,所以最近20年一直在寻找安全的材料,故选D。
56.句意:现在,房屋建筑商可以使用绿色涂料等材料,这些材料释放的化学化合物数量显著减少,人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A:reduced“减少”;B:revised“复习”;C:delayed“延误”;D:defined“定义”。根据空前“use materials,such as green paints”使用比如绿色油漆等环保材料肯定会降低化学物质的含量,故选A。
57.句意:现在,房屋建筑商可以使用绿色涂料等材料,这些材料释放的化学化合物数量显著减少,人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A:destroy“毁坏”;B:deny“否认”;C:dissolve“溶解”;D:depress“使抑郁”。根据语境提到了环保的材料,所以人们相信肯定不会破坏空气质量,故选A。
58.句意:然而,我们的基本设计策略并不仅仅关注于“不那么坏”,而是关注于创造完全健康的材料,这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤,也可以被工业反复使用。A:Anyway“不管怎样,无论如何”;B:Besides“而且”;C:Anyhow“不管用什么方法”;D:However“然而,但是”。根据上下文语境可知此处需要一个转折的连词,however符合题意,故选D。
59.句意:然而,我们的基本设计策略并不仅仅关注于“不那么坏”,而是关注于创造完全健康的材料,这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤,也可以被工业反复使用。A:exactly“确切地”;B:completely“完全地”;C:partially“部分的,偏袒的”;D:superficially“表面地,不深入地”。此处completely用来修饰healthful,有加强语气的作用,故选B。
60.句意:然而,我们的基本设计策略并不仅仅关注于“不那么坏”,而是关注于创造完全健康的材料,这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤,也可以被工业反复使用。A:restored“恢复”;B:regain“重新获得”;C:reused“再使用”;D:retain“保留”。根据空前“safely returned to the soil”可知,此处是循环使用,故选C。
61.句意:例如,世界上最大的地毯制造商已经开发出一种完全安全可回收的地毯。A:developed“开发,发展”;B:stretched“伸展”;C:researched“研究”;D:constructed“建构”。根据空前“the world's largest carpet manufacturer” 世界上最大的地毯制造商只能是研发,故选A。
62.句意:这样看:没有人打算建造一座摧毁地球的建筑。A:sets off“出发,使爆炸”;B:sets about“动手,开始”;C:sets out“出发,开始”;D:sets up“建立”。set out to do/sets about doing,固定短语,“开始做某事”,空后是不定式 to create ,故选C。
63.句意:因此,我们不是简单地试图减少损害,而是采取积极的做法。A:instead“代替”;B:because“因为”;C:out“在外”;D:regardless“尽管”。根据上文可知,此处instead of表示不仅仅是减少破坏,还要采取积极的方法,故选A。
64.句意:因此,我们不是简单地试图减少损害,而是采取积极的做法。A:adjusting“适应”;B:adopting“采纳,采取”;C:adapting“适应,改编”;D:admitting“承认”。根据空后“a positive approach”积极的方法,所以此处指采用积极的做法,故选B。
65.句意:我们为人们提供了高质量、健康的产品,并提供了一个机会,让他们做出对世界有影响的选择。A:functional“起作用的”;B:sensible“明智的,合情理的”;C:beneficial“有益的”;D:precious“珍贵的”。根据空前“high-quality,healthful products ”高质量的,健康环保的产品自然对世界有积极的意义和好处,故选C。
(2022高三上·如皋期中)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Typhoons and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon:
tropical cyclones (热带气旋). However, they go by different names 66. where they occur.
Typhoons develop in the northwestern part of the Pacific
Ocean. They most 67. occur from late June to December. When winds
blow into warm seawater, a lot of warm, moist air evaporates and 68. rapidly, while colder air moves in below. This
creates. 69. causing the winds to move very quickly. The
more warm air and moisture there is, the more 70. the winds. When the winds move faster than 119
kilometers per hour, a typhoon is formed. If a typhoon 71. 241 kilometers per hour, then it becomes a
super typhoon.
The 72. of
a typhoon is called the "eye". This is right in the middle of a
typhoon and is 73. . In the "eye", the wind does not
move so fast. Around the "eye" is the 74. of clouds. This is where the strongest winds
and hardest rains are found. The rain bands are the outer part of a typhoon
that 75. with it.
Typhoons do bring water to people, but they also can be very
76. . They 77. houses and cars, and even kill people. For
example, tropical storm Megi hit the Philippines in April. More than 220 people
died from. 78. and flooding caused by the typhoon.
China is also one of the countries most affected by
typhoons. The 79. time for typhoons landing is from July to
September. 80. , China's coastal residents face 10 typhoon
landings each year.
66.A.relating
to B.depending on C.owing to D.belonging to
67.A.absolutely B.extraordinarily
C.commonly D.entirely
68.A.rises B.disappears C.exits D.erupts
69.A.crisis B.reaction C.power D.pressure
70.A.sufficient B.deadly C.intense D.dramatic
71.A.generates B.lowers C.dominate D.hits
72.A.edge B.center C.essence D.dimension
73.A.striking B.calm C.apparent D.damp
74.A.wall B.roof C.ceiling D.floor
75.A.tracks B.crashes C.spins D.slides
76.A.wide-ranging B.remarkable C.realistic D.destructive
77.A.break
down B.throw in C.fall apart D.blow away
78.A.earthquake B.landslides C.sandstorm D.lightning
79.A.peak B.grand C.rigid D.ideal
80.A.In turn B.At large C.On average D.Above all
【答案】66.B;67.C;68.A;69.D;70.C;71.D;72.B;73.B;74.A;75.C;76.D;77.D;78.B;79.A;80.C
【知识点】说明文;科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了台风的形成以及造成的危害。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
66.句意:然而,根据它们发生的地方,它们有不同的名称。A. relating to“与……相关”;B. depending on“取决于”;C. owing to“归功于,由于”;D. belonging to“属于”。根据空后“where they occur”可知,台风和飓风的名字取决于它们发生的地方。故选B。
67.句意:它们最常发生在6月下旬至12月。A. absolutely“绝对地”;B. extraordinarily“非凡地”;C. commonly“普通地”;D. entirely“完全地”。此处表示台风通常发生在6月下旬至12月。故选C。
68.句意:当风吹进温暖的海水时,大量温暖潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升,而冷空气则在下面移动。A. rises“上升”;B. disappears“消失”;C. exits“存在”;D. erupts“爆发”。根据空后“while colder air moves in below.”可知,此处构成转折关系,大量温暖潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升,而冷空气则在下面移动。故选A。
69.句意:这就产生了压力,导致风的移动非常迅速。A. crisis“危机”;B. reaction“反应”;C. power“力量”;D. pressure“压力”。根据空后“causing the winds to move very quickly.”可知,潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升,冷空气向下移动由此不断地产生压力,该压力导致风的移动非常迅速。故选D。
70.句意:温暖的空气和湿气越多,风就越猛烈。A. sufficient“充足的”;B. deadly“致命的”;C. intense“紧张的,猛烈的”;D. dramatic“引人注目的,戏剧的”。根据上文“This creates 4 causing the winds to move very quickly.”可知,温暖的空气和湿气越多,压力就越大,风移动的速度就越快,于是风就越猛烈。故选C。
71.句意:如果台风达到每小时241公里,就会成为超级台风。A. generates“产生”;B. lowers“降低”;C. dominate“统治”;D. hits“击中,达到”。根据空后“241 kilometers per hour”可知,当台风达到每小时241公里,就会成为超级台风。故选D。
72.句意:台风的中心被称为“风眼”。A. edge“边缘”;B. center“中心”;C. essence“本质”;D. dimension“维度,规模”。根据下文“This is right in the middle of a typhoon”可知,台风的中心被称为风眼。故选B。
73.句意:台风眼在台风的正中间,风平浪静。A. striking“惊人的”;B. calm“冷静的”;C. apparent“明显的”;D. damp“潮湿的”。根据下文“In the ‘eye’, the wind does not move so fast.”可知,在台风眼里,风的移动没有那么快,由此台风的中间是风平浪静的。故选B。
74.句意:“眼”的周围是云墙。A. wall“墙”;B. roof“屋顶”;C. ceiling“天花板”;D. floor“地板”。根据下文“This is where the strongest winds and hardest rains are found.”可知,此处有最强的风和最强的雨,这里就是云墙。故选A。
75.句意:雨带是台风的外围部分,随台风旋转。A. tracks“追踪”;B. crashes“撞击”;C. spins“旋转”;D. slides“滑”。根据常识可知,台风是不断旋转前进的。故选C。
76.句意:台风确实给人们带来了水,但它们也可能非常具有破坏性。A. wide-ranging“广泛的”;B. remarkable“杰出的,显著的”;C. realistic“现实的”;D. destructive“破坏性的”。根据下文“They 12 houses and cars, and even kill people.”可知,台风吹走房屋和汽车,甚至杀死人,因此具有破坏性。故选D。
77.句意:它们吹走房屋和汽车,甚至杀死人。A. break down“崩溃,出故障”;B. throw in“扔进”;C. fall apart“分崩离析,瓦解”;D. blow away“吹走,驱散”。根据空后“houses and cars”可知,台风吹走房屋和汽车。故选D。
78.句意:超过220人死于台风造成的山体滑坡和洪水。A. earthquake“地震”;B. landslides“山体滑坡”;C. sandstorm“沙尘暴”;D. lightning“闪电”。根据空后“flooding”以及常识可知,台风会造成次生灾害如山体滑坡和洪水。故选B。
79.句意:台风登陆的高峰期是7月到9月。A. peak“巅峰的”;B. grand“宏伟的”;C. rigid“死板的,僵化的”;D. ideal“理想的”。根据上文“China is also one of the countries most affected by typhoons.”可知,前文强调中国频繁受到台风的影响,故此处应该指出台风登陆中国的高峰期是7月到9月。故选A。
80.句意:中国沿海居民平均每年面临10次台风登陆。A. In turn“依次,轮流”;B. At large“详尽地”;C. On average“平均地”;D. Above all“最重要的是”。根据空后“each year”可知,中国沿海居民平均每年面临10次台风登陆。故选C。