备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（文化与艺术）考试试卷

备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（文化与艺术）
一、阅读理解
（2023高二下·泸县开学考）阅读理解
Britain seems to have great creativity — especially in the performing and visual arts.
Theatrical tradition
Theaters in Britain date back at least to the 16th century, and the most famous playwright is of course William Shakespeare. A company was founded in his name, with a stage at his birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon. It has trained generations of actors. In the 20th century, classical and more modern plays were also performed at many regional theaters, where actors and writers gained experience.
Film stars
The world of film-making has involved British creative talent from the beginning. Charlie Chaplin, born in poverty in London's East End, began as a child entertainer in music halls. He then became a pioneer of silent movies in Hollywood and created many black-and-white classics during the First World War. British actors, who were often classically trained in theater, Laurence Olivier and Alec Guinness became house-hold names after the Second World War.
Supporting talent
Film-making creativity has been supported by two major studios. Productions at Shepperton have included Richard Attenborough's Gandhi and Ridley Scott's Alien. Pinewood's most famous products must be the James Bond films. Both theater and film have their own annual festivals, including one of the biggest festivals in Scotland's capital, Edinburgh.
Visual expression
The visual arts also show Britain's creative spirit, from Romantic Age painters like Turner and Constable to groups such as the Pre-Raphaelites and the modernist sculpture of Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. Today's famous artists — Damien Hirst or Tracey Emin — regularly show in the newspapers, and their works are sold at high prices.
1．Which of the following helps actors and writers a lot
A．Musical theaters. B．Stratford-upon-Avon.
C．London's West End. D．Regional theaters.
2．What can we learn from the passage about Charlie Chaplin
A．He came from a rich family.
B．He went to theater school as a child.
C．He began as a child entertainer in Hollywood.
D．He contributed to the early film industry in Hollywood.
3．What do we know about Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin
A．You have to pay a lot to buy their works.
B．They have both invented new art forms.
C．They mainly learnt from Romantic Age painters.
D．You can buy their works from many major galleries.
（2023高二下·浙江开学考）
阅读理解
Just as slang words,
table manners, and other common customs vary greatly from nation to nation, so
do rude gestures. The last thing you want to do when traveling to a new country
is to offend (冒犯) the locals. Here are some
hand motions you'll want to be careful about making in certain countries.
Iran
What might seem to
Americans like a universally positive gesture is not, in fact, universal. "Unfortunately,
in Iran and neighboring countries, the thumbs-up is the same as the middle
finger!" explains Dana Hooshmand, an author for Discover Discomfort. In
America, the middle finger is the one showing disrespect; in Iran, it's the
thumb. So, bear it in mind to avoid making this sign to Iranians.
Malaysia
As a little kid, you
may have been blamed that "it's not respectful to point with your index
finger!" especially if you dared pair the gesture with laughter. This is
especially true in Malaysia. As a result, employees at Disney parks are trained
to avoid doing this. Instead, if they must, they use two fingers or, the common
alternative is to point with your thumb (particularly the right thumb).
Thailand
In USA, patting
someone's head can be a sweet gesture, and messing someone's hair is a playful
one. But in Thailand, it can be a serious offense. The head "is considered
the most sacred (神圣的) part of the body,
" she explains. So keep your hands away from others' heads to avoid
disrespecting.
Taiwan,
China
According to the
locals, pointing to the moon will offend the moon goddess. Her punishment for
this is very specific: She'll cut your ear of, or at the very least cut it in
Van Gogh-style. So if you're admiring a beautiful full moon in Taiwan, try your
best to keep your hands by your sides.
4．What is the common reason for minding gestures in different countries
A．Out of admiration. B．Out of curiosity.
C．Out of concern. D．Out of respect.
5．According to the article, which of the following can visitors do
A．Touching others' head in Thailand.
B．Pointing with index finger in Malaysia.
C．Making a thumb-up to others in USA
D．Aiming one's finger directly at the moon in Taiwan.
6．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A travel magazine. B．A novel.
C．A biography. D．A science report.
（2022高三上·舟山模拟）阅读理解
Two women in their 50s
stand beholding in front of Guanyin of the South China Sea, an ancient Chinese sculpture
in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. Over the past 20 years,
they have been visiting the museum, describing the "mother Buddha" as
"beautiful and tranquil, a symbol of religious traditions in China". Measuring
2.4 meters high, 1.68 meters wide and 1.1 meters thick, the larger-than-life sculpture
was carved from the trunk of a single poplar tree, which has created a sense of
calm and warmth in the hall.
Since its launch in 1933,
the museum has been actively collecting, preserving, studying and exhibiting works
of Chinese art, ranging from ceramics to furniture, and from paintings to sculptures.
And its Chinese art collection contains masterpieces in various historical stages.
An exhibition on the theme
of Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art was held at the museum, displaying tens
of Chinese ancient paintings with images of animals in many art forms. The creatures
on the paintings represented celebration, personal messages, and even political
and religious agendas.
Organizers of the exhibition
produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings
in Chinese artistic tradition on the other. The cards are provided for visitors
for free.
"I find it very interesting,
and the way that the things are drawn is very cool," says 17-year-old high
school student Camden Lombard after visiting the exhibition. "I want to go
to China someday to find more," he adds.
"It's kind of eye-opening
and we're bringing the world together," says Makar, an educator with the school
outreach and education programs of the museum. "There are so many similarities
as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate
one another."
"We're in a moment
when it's sometimes hard to look outside of your own personal viewpoints,"
says Howard, manager of volunteer engagement at the museum. "I think having
access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated,
and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding
about all the people we share this planet with."
7．The two women kept visiting the Nelson-Atkins Museum for ________.
A．the grand appearance of the exhibition hall
B．their affection for Chinese religious traditions
C．the great size of the ancient Chinese sculpture
D．their curiosity about the delicate artistic carving
8．What can we learn about the exhibition Lively Creatures
A．The organizers gained a handsome profit.
B．The cards reflected multinational cultures.
C．The visitors had rich travel experiences in China.
D．The paintings displayed the charm of Chinese culture.
9．How does Makar describe the visit to the museum
A．Instructive and romantic. B．Imaginary and fascinating.
C．Informative and multicultural. D．Educational and entertaining.
10．What's the purpose of setting up the museum according to Howard
A．To bridge different cultures. B．To popularize religious symbols.
C．To exchange personal viewpoints. D．To demonstrate Chinese paintings.
（2022高三上·哈尔滨月考）阅读理解
I
travel a lot, and I find out different "styles" (风格)of directions every time I ask "How can I
get to the post office "
Foreign
tourists are often confused(困惑的)in
Japan because most streets there don't have names; in Japan, people use
landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names.
For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, "Go straight down to the
corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office
is across from the bus stop. "
In the
countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks.
There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no
towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you
directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say,
"Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile. "
People
in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure
distance in time, not miles. "How far away is the post office " you
ask. "Oh," they answer, "it's about five minutes from here.
''You say, "Yes, but how many miles away is it " They don't know.
It's
true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What
happens in such a situation A New Yorker might say, Sorry, I have no idea. But
in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers "I don't know. " People in Yucatan
believe that "I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer,
often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
11．When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually .
A．describe the place carefully
B．show him a map of the place
C．tell him the names of the streets
D．refer to recognizable buildings and places
12．Which is the place where people measure distance in time
A．New York. B．Los Angeles. C．Kansas. D．Iowa.
13．People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer_____.
A．in order to save time B．as a test
C．so as to be polite D．for fun
14．what can we infer from the text
A．It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B．It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C．People have similar understandings of politeness.
D．New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
（2022高三上·汕头期中）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you remember the
first stop-motion movie， with a
galloping（飞奔）horse Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872,
and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was
made because of a bet. The question was∶ do all four of
the horse's hooves （蹄）leave the ground at the same time
at any point of the gallop And Leland Stanford, the founder of the Stanford
University, hired Muybridge to help him settle the bet.
Stanford claimed that,
at some point of the gallop, all four of the horse's hooves are in the air. Some
of his colleagues took a common stand that one foot is always on the ground. It
was a popularly debated question of the time, and it was Muybridge's task to
provide the answer using his photographic knowledge.
Now, you can imagine
that cameras in 1872 couldn't really capture the things moving quickly. Movie
cameras still didn't exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to
get creative. He experimented with a set of 12 cameras. He used them to
photograph a galloping horse in a series of shots. His initial efforts seemed
to prove that Stanford was right, but he still didn't have the process
perfected.
In 1878, Muybridge
raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers （触发器）connected to shutters（快门）for cameras. He
placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the
horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera
take a photo with less than half a second difference.
The photos showed that
Leland Stanford was right, and obviously, he won the bet. But this invention
was a winning situation for all of us. Muybridge later invented a
zoopraxiscope, which was a bit like the GIFs that people now post on social media
and is considered an early device for displaying motion pictures. Thanks to
photography and his invention, the cinema was born.
15．Which of the following words best describes the invention of the first stop-motion movie
A．Difficult. B．Unexpected. C．Serious. D．Interesting.
16．Why did Muybridge have to be creative
A．Because he was lacking in devices.
B．Because he was afraid of failure.
C．Because he was short of experience.
D．Because he was interested in experiment.
17．What can we know about Muybridge's experiment
A．Twelve horses galloped at the same time.
B．Muybridge invented GIF in the experiment.
C．One camera was used to take photos in the first attempt.
D．The triggers were set off by the horse in the second attempt.
18．What is the best title for the article
A．A special history of cinema.
B．A popular study about horses.
C．A bet inspired the birth of cinema.
D．A question led to great experiments.
（2021高三上·上海月考）阅读理解
When asked in 1993 to
comment on accusations that the movie In the Name of the Father distorts (曲解) contemporary British and
Irish history, female lead Emma Thompson responded that she couldn't care less.
Even since the premiere (首映) in 1915 of The Birth of a
Nation, filmmakers have rewritten history to create top-dollar entertainment.
The films are very persuasive: well-made movies hold your interest
continuously, drawing your attention to "what happens next," and
pulling you forward with no time to reflect on individual scenes until the
final credits roll. The result: you don't remember much about a movie after
watching it for the first time. For this reason, movies have extraordinary
power - unmatched by any other medium - to leave you with a strong sense of
what is right and what is wrong, who is bad and who is good, even though
critical details presented in the movies may be false.
Well, so what They're just
movies. In fact they're not just movies.
Millions of Americans are devoted history lovers, and they pack theatres every
time new movies about historical figures or events come to town. Saving private
Ryan and Titanic drew viewers and cash for months. Many high school teachers
screen movies in the classroom. Clearly countless Americans get most of their
history from television and the big screen.
Some of the industry's
finest historical and period films premiered during the past decades. But the
1960s also saw a number of politically charged history-based movies full of
factual distortions and, occasionally, outright lies. Today the trend continues
on a larger scale: many movies released in the 1990s and the first decade of
the 21*t century reflect lack of respect for solid, reliable history.
History Goes to the Movies is a source of information and, it is hoped, entertainment for everyone interested in the actual history behind a wide selection of movies grouped into twelve sections--11 covering historical periods and events and twelfth containing biographies and period films. Each movie review includes an essay on the history covered in one or more movies, and a brief plot summary. Star ratings (five stars: don't miss it) reflect each movie's historical accuracy and - to a much lesser extent — its power to amuse.
Obviously, expecting
textbook accuracy from movies would be ridiculous-and producers have delivered
a remarkable number of historically faithful movies. But some of them get too
much of their history wrong. History Goes
to the Movies is a guide, however imperfect, for readers and viewers aiming
to get it right.
19．Emma Thompson said ________ that In the Name of the Father was historically inaccurate.
A．it didn't matter. B．it was upsetting.
C．It aroused her attention. D．it wasn't obvious.
20．By "in fact they're not just movies" (in paragraph 2), the author means that________.
A．some movies are much more profitable than others
B．movies serve more purposes than entertaining views
C．movies tend to provide viewers with false details
D．the movies about historical figures attract history lovers
21．Which of the following is true of History Goes to the Movies
A．It is aimed at those who take interest in biographies.
B．It rates a movie mainly according to how amusing it is.
C．It introduces a movie's story as well as its related history.
D．It focuses on the movies that presented history in a funny way.
22．The passage is mainly intended to ________.
A．criticize the film industry's favoring entertainment over truth
B．point out which films presented history in a wrong way.
C．call on film directors to show respect for history
D．introduce a book involving history-based films
（2023高三下·开学考）阅读理解
While Disney animations are
successful in moving their audiences, their subsidiary (子公司) Pixar
is expert at creating tear-jerking movies as well.
At first sight, it is remarkable
that these movies make us cry—the main characters are cartoon characters, in most
cases not even human beings, who do things that could evidently never happen in
the real world: toys come to life, monsters are to scare sleeping children, and
helium-balloon-powered houses travel the world. How can a story so unrealistic make
us care so much about their animated main characters
The Pixar creators explained
that their stories often reflect their own personal lives. Whereas the animated
characters are far from real, their lives are relatable. The magical ingredient
is the realistic portrayal of the complex emotional lives of the characters.
As Pixar director Pete Doctor
explains: "What you're trying to do, when you tell a story, is to write about
an event in your life that made you feel a particular way. And what you're trying
to do, when you tell a story, is to get the audience to have that same feeling.
While this is true for storytelling in general, it is especially important in Pixar
movies, given that the basic plots of their movies cannot happen in real life."
What makes Pixar's highly unrealistic
stories believable is the fact that they address problems that are central to our
own lives. Pixar addresses real human matters such as family, friendship, death,
loss, and the highly realistic emotions that such events evoke in our life.
The effect of the story thus
depends on the human capacity to empathize with others: to recognize which emotions
others experience, and to understand why others feel how they feel. The fact that
empathy is learned and developed through life may well be the reason why these movies
are entertaining for kids but rather devastating and heart-crushing for adults.
Every Pixar movie has the moment
when we cry. We learn and feel with the characters through the realistic portrayal
of their emotional lives. The stories appeal to our deepest emotions and, thus,
make us cry. Because, essentially, Pixar stories are about us.
23．Which real issue may not be dealt with in Pixar's movies
A．Family conflicts. B．Romantic love.
C．A political issue. D．The betrayal of a friend.
24．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The Pixar's movies are not only entertaining for kids but also heart-breaking for adults.
B．Pixar can create touching movies because of the support from Disney.
C．Both the realistic emotions and real human matters are shown vividly in Pixar's tear-jerking movies.
D．People can find empathy more easily in animation movies than in any other movies.
25．The key reason for the success of Pixar's movies lies in _________.
A．empathy of the audience B．the delicate film design
C．the adorable cartoon characters D．good taste of the audience
26．What's the best title of the passage
A．How to Make Unrealistic Stories Believable
B．How Do Disney Pixar Movies Make Us Cry
C．Why Are Human Easily Attracted by Movies
D．What Makes Disney Pixar Movies Successful
（2022高二下·瑞安月考）阅读理解
The
spiders have long scary legs. Some spiders even bite. But Spider-Man is another
story. He might help people see spiders less negatively, a new study finds.
After Menachem Ben-Ezra, a proud fan of the Marvel films and also a psychologist, saw the movie Ant-Man and the Wasp (黄蜂), he walked out with a sudden scientific idea that he should measure people before they went into the theater, and afterwards to see if the fear of ants would be reduced or changed.
Ben-Ezra and his colleagues asked 424 people questions, about one-quarter of them about spiders, such as" Did you find them scary " "Did seeing one make your hearts race and palms sweat " A second group received similar questions, this time about ants. The last two groups got the same questions about other insects. Afterward, everyone watched videos. Group one got a Spider-Man movie. Group two saw Ant-Man and the Wasp. Groups three and four watched unrelated video--wheat waving peacefully in the breeze.
After viewing the movie, Ben-Ezra again asked the participants how they felt about spiders. ants or other insects in general—and found the ant and spider exposures seemed to make people insensitive and less afraid. Between3.5and6. 1 percent of people experience such a phobia (恐惧症) of spiders. Phobias can stop people from traveling, working and enjoying their lives.
Ben-Ezra hopes that their movie research might help people with phobias. But they caution that people with phobias shouldn't just run out and watch movies and expect their fear to go away. "What we did is only the first step in a very long road, "Ben-Ezra says. "We didn't say you'll be cured. We don't have evidence for that. "But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust. After all, if spiders produce Spider-Man, maybe they're not so bad.
27．What method did Ben-Ezra use in his study
A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By making assumptions.
28．What does the underlined word "surmount" in the last paragraph mean
A．Overcome. B．Subscribe. C．Intervene. D．Estimate.
29．What did Ben-Ezra advise people to do with phobias
A．They should travel, work and enjoy their lives.
B．They should keep their phobias of insects a secret.
C．They should adopt a positive attitude to their fear.
D．They should watch more super-hero Marvel movies.
30．What is the best title for this passage
A．The Insect Phobia Cured with Wasp.
B．The Positive Energy of Superheroes.
C．Spider-Man's Spider Fear.
D．Fighting Spider Fear with Spider-Man.
（2022高三上·哈尔滨月考）阅读理解
The Best Books of 2020
On Monday, the American Library Association announced the top children's books of 2020. Here are the winners.
Devotion
Author Clare Vanderpool took home the John Newbery Medal for outstanding contribution to children's literature for Moon over Manifest. The book is about a young girl's magical adventures in a small Kansas town, in 1936.
Vanderpool said that she was shocked to learn that she had won. "You grow up reading legendary authors like Madeleine L'Engle, but I never expected to be put in a category with her," Vanderpool told TFK. "It's fabulous."
Picture This
The picture book A Sick Day for Amos McGee won the Randolph Caldecott Medal. The book was illustrated by Erin E. Stead and written by her husband, Philip C. Stead. It tells the story of an elderly zookeeper and the animals that visit him when he's not well enough to go to work.
"I love drawing animals and I love drawing people and I love drawing the emotional connection between animals and people," said Stead.
More Honored Books
The Coretta Scott King award, given to an African-American author and illustrator of "outstanding books for children and young adults," went to Rita Williams-Garcia for One Crazy Summer. Set in 1968, the novel follows three sisters from Brooklyn, New York, who visit their mother, a poet who ran away years ago and lives in California.
The king prize for best-illustrated work went to Dave the Potter: Artist, Poet, Slave. The book, which was written by Laban Carrick Hill and illustrated by Bryan Collier, tells the story of a skilled potter who engraved his poems on the clay pots and jars that he made. The enslaved potter, known only as Dave, lived in South Carolina in the 1800s.
31．How did Vanderpool feel when she heard the news that she won the medal
A．Astonished. B．Disappointed. C．Embarrassed. D．Depressed.
32．Who illustrated the book Dave the Potter: Artist, Poet, Slave
A．Bryan Collier. B．Erin E. Stead.
C．Laban Carrick Hill. D．Madeleine L'Engle.
33．What can we infer from the passage
A．The book Moon over Manifest tells a story of a zookeeper and his animals.
B．A Sick Day for Amos McGee shows us that animals can interact with humans.
C．The book A Sick Day for Amos McGee is written by Erin, a famous woman writer.
D．One Crazy Summer is about a mother with her three children having a holiday in California.
（2022高三上·华州开学考）阅读理解
What will you do when one of the few
bookstores in your neighborhood shuts down If you're Latanya DeVaughn, you
will make a new and improved one! The Bronx mom and writer has always dreamed
of opening her own bookstore, so after watching yet another close its doors for
good during the pandemic, she saw her chance.
While Latanya said every neighborhood
deserved a bookstore, opening physical stores on every block simply wasn't an
option. So she decided to bring the books to her neighbors, instead, by turning
a bus into a bookmobile! With the help of her community, she raised money for
her dream and, at the end of 2021, it came true! Bronx Bound Books rolled out
in style as a bus with orange cube bookshelves. "People love the way it
smells," Latanya added. "One woman said the wood smell makes her feel
like she's at home."
Although the bookstore on wheels
carries around 3,0000 new and used books, it has more room than you might
expect! Latanya also makes sure to stock books with a range of diverse
characters so all readers can see themselves in the pages. Of course, her
collection also features works of renowned Black authors like James Baldwin and
Alice Walker. "It's meant to be that way," she explained, "because
I remember going to bookstores and having to look through books just to find
someone that I felt I could resonate with (引起共鸣)."
Setting up her bookstore in a new spot
each day, Latanya is doing her part to make sure that everyone in the Bronx has
books to read. That's what Bronx Bound Books is open for. "I can't open up
a bookstore on every corner, but I can probably pop up on a lot of different
corners," she said.
Thanks to Latanya and Bronx Bound
Books, the Bronx is becoming a heaven for book lovers day by day. I'm sure that
the little bookstore will continue to develop quickly!
34．How did Latanga DeVoughn respond to the shutdown of bookstores
A．She set up her own special bookstore.
B．She purchased and reopened them soon.
C．She opened common stores on every block.
D．She asked her neighbors to open a new one.
35．James Baldwin and Alice Walker are mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that ________.
A．it's hard to stock books with diverse characters
B．all renders can see themselves in Black authors
C．the collection of Bronx Bound Books is diverse
D．finding someone with common interest isn't easy
36．Why is Bronx Bound Books open
A．To recycle old books around the neighborhood.
B．To raise money for Latanya DeVaughn's dream.
C．To open up a bookstore on every corner worldwide.
D．To make reading accessible to everyone in the Bronx.
37．What does the author think of Bronx Bound Books
A．Conservative. B．Unaffordable. C．Promising. D．Controversial.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．A
【知识点】细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国似乎有很大的创造力，尤其是在表演和视觉艺术方面，并具体介绍了英国在戏剧的传统、电影明星、辅助人才以及视觉表达四个方面的创造力。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇文化类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Theatrical tradition部分中的“In the 20th century, classical and more modern plays were also performed at many regional theaters, where actors and writers gained experience.”在20世纪，许多地方剧院也上演古典和更现代的戏剧，演员和作家在那里获得了经验。可知，Regional theaters对演员和作家有很大帮助。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Film stars部分中的“He then became a pioneer of silent movies in Hollywood and created many black-and-white classics during the First World War.”他后来成为好莱坞无声电影的先驱，并在第一次世界大战期间创作了许多黑白经典电影。可知，查理·卓别林为好莱坞的早期电影产业做出了贡献。故选D。
3．考查细节理解。根据Visual expression部分中的“…their works are sold at high prices.”他们的作品以高价出售，可知，你得花很多钱才能买到Damien Hirst和Tracey Emin的作品。故选A。
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个国家不同的手势礼仪文化。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Just as slang words, table manners, and other common customs vary greatly from nation to nation, so do rude gestures. The last thing you want to do when traveling to a new country is to offend (冒犯) the locals.”正如俚语、餐桌礼仪和其他习俗因国而异一样，粗鲁的手势也因国而异。当你去一个新的国家旅行时，你最不想做的事情就是冒犯当地人。可推知，在不同国家注意手势的共同原因是出于尊重。故选D。
5．考查细节理解。根据 Iran 部分中的“What might seem to Americans like a universally positive gesture is not, in fact, universal. ‘Unfortunately, in Iran and neighboring countries, the thumbs-up is the same as the middle finger!’ explains Dana Hooshmand, an author for Discover Discomfort. In America, the middle finger is the one showing disrespect; in Iran, it's the thumb.”在美国人看来似乎是普遍的积极姿态，实际上却不是普遍的。“不幸的是，在伊朗和邻国，竖大拇指和竖中指是一样的”发现不适》一书的作者达纳·胡什曼德解释道。在美国，竖中指表示不尊重；在伊朗，是拇指。可知，根据文章内容，游客可以在美国对别人竖起大拇指。故选C。
6．考查推理判断。根据文章大意以及第一段中的“Just as slang words, table manners, and other common customs vary greatly from nation to nation, so do rude gestures. The last thing you want to do when traveling to a new country is to offend (冒犯) the locals.”正如俚语、餐桌礼仪和其他习俗因国而异一样，粗鲁的手势也因国而异。当你去一个新的国家旅行时，你最不想做的事情就是冒犯当地人；和下文详细的介绍了几个国家的手势礼仪文化。可推知，这篇文章可能来自一本旅游杂志。故选A。
【答案】7．B
8．D
9．C
10．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述博物馆的展览，阐述了博物馆在不同文化之间架起来沟通的桥梁，帮助不同文化增进欣赏和理解。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Two women in their 50s stand beholding in front of Guanyin of the South China Sea, an ancient Chinese sculpture in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. Over the past 20 years, they have been visiting the museum, describing the ‘mother Buddha’ as ‘beautiful and tranquil, a symbol of religious traditions in China’.”密苏里州堪萨斯城纳尔逊-阿特金斯艺术博物馆里，两名50多岁的妇女站在中国南海观音前凝视。在过去的20年里，她们经常参观这座博物馆，称“妈祖”“美丽宁静，是中国宗教传统的象征”。可知，这两位女士不断参观纳尔逊-阿特金斯博物馆，是因为她们热爱中国宗教传统，故选B。
8．考查推理判断。根据第三段“An exhibition on the theme of Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art was held at the museum, displaying tens of Chinese ancient paintings with images of animals in many art forms. The creatures on the paintings represented celebration, personal messages, and even political and religious agendas.”博物馆以“活泼的生物——中国艺术中的动物”为主题举办了一场展览，展出了数十幅中国古代绘画作品，其中动物形象以多种艺术形式出现。画上的生物代表庆祝、个人信息，甚至政治和宗教议程；以及第四段中的“Organizers of the exhibition produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings in Chinese artistic tradition on the other. ”展览组织者制作了一套卡片，一边是动物的图像，另一边是它们在中国艺术传统中的文化意义。可推断，Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art展览展出的绘画展示了中国文化的魅力。故选D。
9．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“‘It's kind of eye-opening and we're bringing the world together,’ says Makar, an educator with the school outreach and education programs of the museum. ‘There are so many similarities as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate one another.’”“这有点让人大开眼界，我们把世界连在了一起，”负责博物馆学校外展和教育项目的教育工作者马卡尔说。“我们有很多相似之处，也有很多美丽的不同点，我们只是在努力理解和欣赏彼此。”可知，马卡尔认为博物馆的展览让人大开眼界，不同的文化有相似也有不同，增进彼此的理解和欣赏。因此推断他认为参观博物馆是信息丰富并且多元化的。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I think having access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated, and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding about all the people we share this planet with.”我认为，有机会了解其他文化创造了什么，他们重视和欣赏什么，以及对他们来说重要的是什么，这对于建立与我们共享这个星球的所有人的理解非常重要。可知，Howard认为通过参观博物馆可以让人们了解其他文化，因此推断他认为建立博物馆可以在不同文化之间架起桥梁。故选A。
【答案】11．D
12．B
13．C
14．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同地区的人对游客问路的回答的不同，所以对旅游者来说，最好事先了解当地的习惯。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”直走到街角。在那家大旅馆左转，经过一个水果市场。邮局在公共汽车站的对面。可知，当游客问日本人去某地的路，他们通常会指出参照性的建筑物。故选D。
12．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles.”加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的人们不知道地图上的距离，他们用时间来衡量距离，而不是英里。可知，洛杉矶的人会用时间来说明路程。故选B。
13．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“People in Yucatan believe that ‘I don't know’ is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one.”尤卡坦半岛的人们认为“我不知道”是不礼貌的。他们通常会给出一个答案，而且往往是错误的。可知，当地人不会不回答问题，而是会出于礼貌地回答一个错误的方向。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，不同地区的人对于问路人的回答不同，可推断，对于旅行者来说，了解文化差异是很重要的。故选A。
【答案】15．B
16．A
17．D
18．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的；以及该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
15．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet.”你还记得第一部有一匹疾驰的马的定格电影吗？埃德沃德·迈布里奇在1872年拍摄了这部电影，有趣的是——第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。可知，第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。因此对于第一部定格电影的产生是因为一个打赌而拍摄的，这是意想不到的。故选B。
16．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn't really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn't exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. ”现在，你可以想象1872年的相机无法真正捕捉到快速移动的物体。电影摄像机还不存在，所以这是不可能的。所以Muybridge必须要有创意。可知，在当时缺乏拍摄设备的背景下，Muybridge创作了此部电影。故选A。
17．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.” 1878年，迈布里奇将他的创造力和技巧提高到了一个新的水平。他设置了12个连接相机快门的有线触发器。他把它们均匀地放在跑道上，以便捕捉飞奔的马。当这匹马在跑道上飞奔时，它触发了触发器，使每个相机拍摄的照片相差不到半秒。可知，相机的在线触发器是由马触发的。故选D。
18．考查主旨大意。通读全文，本文讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时文章介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。“一场赌博激发了电影的诞生”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。
【答案】19．A
20．B
21．C
22．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了《History Goes to the Movies》这本书。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
19．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When asked in 1993 to comment on accusations that the movie In the Name of the Father distorts （曲解） contemporary British and Irish history, female lead Emma Thompson responded that she couldn't care less”1993年，当被问及对电影《以圣父之名》扭曲当代英国和爱尔兰历史的指责有何评论时，女主角艾玛·汤普森回答说，她根本不在乎。可知，艾玛·汤普森说《以圣父之名》在历史上是不准确的，这并不重要。故选A。
20．考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Millions of Americans are devoted history lovers, and they pack theatres every time new movies about historical figures or events come to town. Saving private Ryan and Titanic drew viewers and cash for months. Many high school teachers screen movies in the classroom. Clearly countless Americans get most of their history from television and the big screen”数以百万计的美国人是忠实的历史爱好者，每当有关于历史人物或历史事件的新电影上映时，影院里就挤满了人。《拯救大兵瑞恩》和《泰坦尼克号》吸引了观众和现金好几个月。许多高中教师在教室里放映电影。显然，无数的美国人从电视和大屏幕上获得了他们大部分的历史。可知，电影不光是电影，还有教育意义，因此通过“事实上，它们不仅仅是电影”，作者的意思是电影有更多的目的而不止是娱乐的观点，故选B。
21．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“History Goes to the Movies is a source of information and, it is hoped, entertainment for everyone interested in the actual history behind a wide selection of movies grouped into twelve sections--11 covering historical periods and events and twelfth containing biographies and period films. Each movie review includes an essay on the history covered in one or more movies, and a brief plot summary”《History Goes to the Movies》是一个信息来源，希望它能娱乐那些对真实历史感兴趣的人，这些电影被分为12个部分——11个涉及历史时期和事件，第12个包含传记和时代电影。每一篇电影评论包括一篇关于一部或多部电影所涉及的历史的文章，以及一个简短的情节总结。可知，History Goes to the Movies介绍了电影的故事以及相关的历史，故选C。
22．考查推理判断。通读全文尤其是最后两段对History Goes to the Movies这本书的介绍可知，本文写作的目的是介绍一本涉及历史题材电影的书，故选D。
【答案】23．C
24．C
25．A
26．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了皮克斯电影感动观众的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
23．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"the fact that they address problems that are central to our own lives. Pixar addresses real human matters such as family, friendship, death, loss, and the highly realistic emotions that such events evoke in our life.”他们解决的问题与我们的生活息息相关。皮克斯讲述的是真实的人类问题，如家庭、友谊、死亡、失去，以及这些事件在我们生活中唤起的高度现实的情感。可知，皮克斯电影解决的问题都是围绕着我们的生活，讨论真正与人有关的问题，如家庭、友谊、死亡、失去和一些尤为真实的情感。而 political issues“政治问题”，文章中未提及其是否在皮克斯电影中有所涉及。故选C。
24．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"The magical ingredient is the realistic portrayal of the complex emotional lives of the characters.”其神奇之处在于对人物复杂情感生活的逼真刻画；以及第五段中的"What makes Pixar's highly unrealistic stories believable is the fact that they address problems that are central to our own lives.”皮克斯极不现实的故事之所以可信，是因为它们解决了我们生活中的核心问题。可知，在皮克斯电影中，人类复杂的情感生活和生活中出现的真实问题都展现得淋漓尽致。故选C。
25．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"The effect of the story thus depends on the human capacity to empathize with others.”因此，故事的效果取决于人类对他人的移情能力；以及"The fact that empathy is learned and developed through life may well be the reason why these movies are entertaining for kids but rather devastating and heart-crushing for adults.”同理心是在生活中学习和发展的，这可能就是为什么这些电影对孩子来说很有趣，但对成年人来说却是毁灭性和心碎的原因。可知，皮克斯电影获得成功的关键原因很可能是观众具备共情的能力。故选A。
26．考查主旨大意。从第三段开始讨论的都是皮克斯电影之所以让人动情的原因；以及最后一段中的"The stories appeal to our deepest emotions and, thus, make us cry. Because, essentially, Pixar stories are about us.”这些故事触动了我们最深层的情感，因此，让我们哭泣。因为，本质上，皮克斯的故事是关于我们的。“迪士尼皮克斯电影是如何让我们哭的？"概括了文章主要内容，适合做文章的标题。故选B。
【答案】27．B
28．A
29．C
30．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学家Menachem Ben-Ezra发现，正能量的电影有助于帮助人们克服对某个事物的恐惧。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
27．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的中的“Ben-Ezra and his colleagues asked 424 people questions, about one-quarter of them about spiders, such as ‘Did you find them scary ’ ‘Did seeing one make your hearts race and palms sweat ’”Ben-Ezra和他的同事问了424个人问题，其中四分之一的问题是关于蜘蛛的，比如“你觉得他们可怕吗 ”“看到一个会让你心跳加速，手心出汗吗？”可知，Ben-Ezra是通过问问题进行这项研究的，故选B。
28．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Ben-Ezra hopes that their movie research might help people with phobias.”Ben-Ezra希望他们的电影研究能帮助人们克服恐惧；以及“But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust.”但最终，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶。可知，Ben-Ezra希望他们的电影研究能帮助人们克服恐惧，所以他认为将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶，可推断，划线单词“surmount”是“克服”的意思，故选A。
29．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust. After all, if spiders produce Spider-Man, maybe they’re not so bad.”但最终，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶。毕竟，如果蜘蛛产生蜘蛛侠，也许他们没那么坏。可知，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中，可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶，可推断出Ben-Ezra建议人们要对自己的恐惧持有积极的态度，故选C。
30．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“But Spider-Man is another story. He might help people see spiders less negatively, a new study finds.”但是蜘蛛侠就另当别论了。一项新的研究发现，蜘蛛侠可以帮助人们不那么消极地看待蜘蛛；以及最后一段“Ben-Ezra hopes that their movie research might help people with phobias. But they caution that people with phobias shouldn’t just run out and watch movies and expect their fear to go away. ‘What we did is only the first step in a very long road,’ Ben-Ezra says. ‘We didn’t say you’ll be cured. We don’t have evidence for that.’ But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust. After all, if spiders produce Spider-Man, maybe they’re not so bad.”Ben-ezra 希望他们的电影研究，能帮助恐惧症患者。但他们警告说，恐惧症患者不应该只是跑出去看电影，然后期望他们的恐惧消失。“我们所做的只是漫漫长路上的第一步”，Ben-Zzra说。”我们没说你会痊愈。我们没有证据”。但最终，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶。毕竟，如果蜘蛛能变成蜘蛛侠，也许它们没那么坏。可知，本文主要讲述一位心理学家Ben-Zzra发现，正能量的电影，比如关于蜘蛛侠的电影，有助于帮助人们克服对某个事物的恐惧，“用蜘蛛侠来战胜蜘蛛的恐惧。”适合做文章的标题，故选D。
【答案】31．A
32．A
33．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国2020年最畅销的儿童图书。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
31．考查细节理解。根据Devotion部分中的“Vanderpool said that she was shocked to learn that she had won.”Vanderpool说，得知自己获奖时她很震惊。可知，当Vanderpool听到她获得奖牌的消息时，她很吃惊。故选A。
32．考查细节理解。根据More Honored Books部分中的“The book, which was written by Laban Carrick Hill and illustrated by Bryan Collie”这本书由Laban Carrick Hill 撰写， Bryan Collie绘制插画。可知， Bryan Collie为Dave the Potter. Artist, Poet, Slave绘制的插图。故选A。
33．考查推理判断。根据Picture This部分中的“It tells the story of an elderly zookeeper and the animals that visit him when he's not well enough to go to work.”它讲述了一个年老的动物园管理员和动物的故事，当他身体不好不能去上班时，它们会去看望他。可知，A Sick Day for Amos McGee向我们展示了动物可以与人类互动。故选B。
【答案】34．A
35．C
36．D
37．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，由于疫情，实体书店相继关闭，但Latanya DeVaughn设法开了一家自己的特殊的书店。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
34．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"While Latanya said every neighborhood deserved a bookstore, opening physical stores on every block simply wasn't an option. So she decided to bring the books to her neighbors, instead, by turning a bus into a bookmobile!”Latanya说，每个街区都应该有一家书店，但在每个街区开实体店根本不是一个选择。相反，她决定把一辆公共汽车变成一辆图书车，由此把书带给她的邻居！可知，面对实体书店的关闭，Latanya创办了自己特殊的书店。故选A。
35．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Latanya also makes sure to stock books with a range of diverse characters so all readers can see themselves in the pages. Of course, her collection also features works of renowned Black authors like James Baldwin and Alice Walker.”Latanya还确保储存各种不同字符的书籍，以便所有读者都能在页面中看到自己。当然，她的收藏还包括著名黑人作家詹姆斯·鲍德温和爱丽丝·沃克的作品。可知，提及黑人作家詹姆斯·鲍德温和爱丽丝·沃克是为了表明她收藏的书多种多样。故选C。
36．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Setting up her bookstore in a new spot each day, Latanya is doing her part to make sure that everyone in the Bronx has books to read. That's what Bronx Bound Books is open for.”Latanya每天在一个新的地方开设书店，她正在尽自己的一份力量确保布朗克斯区的每个人都有书可读。这就是布朗克斯装订书籍的开放目的。可知，开放布朗克斯装订书籍的目的是让布朗克斯的每个人都有机会阅读。故选D。
37．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Thanks to Latanya and Bronx Bound Books, the Bronx is becoming a heaven for book lovers day by day. I'm sure that the little bookstore will continue to develop quickly!”多亏了Latanya和布朗克斯装订的书籍，布朗克斯正日益成为书籍爱好者的天堂。我相信这家小书店会继续快速发展！可知，作者认为布朗克斯装订书籍前景很好。故选C。
备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（文化与艺术）
一、阅读理解
（2023高二下·泸县开学考）阅读理解
Britain seems to have great creativity — especially in the performing and visual arts.
Theatrical tradition
Theaters in Britain date back at least to the 16th century, and the most famous playwright is of course William Shakespeare. A company was founded in his name, with a stage at his birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon. It has trained generations of actors. In the 20th century, classical and more modern plays were also performed at many regional theaters, where actors and writers gained experience.
Film stars
The world of film-making has involved British creative talent from the beginning. Charlie Chaplin, born in poverty in London's East End, began as a child entertainer in music halls. He then became a pioneer of silent movies in Hollywood and created many black-and-white classics during the First World War. British actors, who were often classically trained in theater, Laurence Olivier and Alec Guinness became house-hold names after the Second World War.
Supporting talent
Film-making creativity has been supported by two major studios. Productions at Shepperton have included Richard Attenborough's Gandhi and Ridley Scott's Alien. Pinewood's most famous products must be the James Bond films. Both theater and film have their own annual festivals, including one of the biggest festivals in Scotland's capital, Edinburgh.
Visual expression
The visual arts also show Britain's creative spirit, from Romantic Age painters like Turner and Constable to groups such as the Pre-Raphaelites and the modernist sculpture of Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. Today's famous artists — Damien Hirst or Tracey Emin — regularly show in the newspapers, and their works are sold at high prices.
1．Which of the following helps actors and writers a lot
A．Musical theaters. B．Stratford-upon-Avon.
C．London's West End. D．Regional theaters.
2．What can we learn from the passage about Charlie Chaplin
A．He came from a rich family.
B．He went to theater school as a child.
C．He began as a child entertainer in Hollywood.
D．He contributed to the early film industry in Hollywood.
3．What do we know about Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin
A．You have to pay a lot to buy their works.
B．They have both invented new art forms.
C．They mainly learnt from Romantic Age painters.
D．You can buy their works from many major galleries.
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．A
【知识点】细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国似乎有很大的创造力，尤其是在表演和视觉艺术方面，并具体介绍了英国在戏剧的传统、电影明星、辅助人才以及视觉表达四个方面的创造力。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇文化类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Theatrical tradition部分中的“In the 20th century, classical and more modern plays were also performed at many regional theaters, where actors and writers gained experience.”在20世纪，许多地方剧院也上演古典和更现代的戏剧，演员和作家在那里获得了经验。可知，Regional theaters对演员和作家有很大帮助。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Film stars部分中的“He then became a pioneer of silent movies in Hollywood and created many black-and-white classics during the First World War.”他后来成为好莱坞无声电影的先驱，并在第一次世界大战期间创作了许多黑白经典电影。可知，查理·卓别林为好莱坞的早期电影产业做出了贡献。故选D。
3．考查细节理解。根据Visual expression部分中的“…their works are sold at high prices.”他们的作品以高价出售，可知，你得花很多钱才能买到Damien Hirst和Tracey Emin的作品。故选A。
（2023高二下·浙江开学考）
阅读理解
Just as slang words,
table manners, and other common customs vary greatly from nation to nation, so
do rude gestures. The last thing you want to do when traveling to a new country
is to offend (冒犯) the locals. Here are some
hand motions you'll want to be careful about making in certain countries.
Iran
What might seem to
Americans like a universally positive gesture is not, in fact, universal. "Unfortunately,
in Iran and neighboring countries, the thumbs-up is the same as the middle
finger!" explains Dana Hooshmand, an author for Discover Discomfort. In
America, the middle finger is the one showing disrespect; in Iran, it's the
thumb. So, bear it in mind to avoid making this sign to Iranians.
Malaysia
As a little kid, you
may have been blamed that "it's not respectful to point with your index
finger!" especially if you dared pair the gesture with laughter. This is
especially true in Malaysia. As a result, employees at Disney parks are trained
to avoid doing this. Instead, if they must, they use two fingers or, the common
alternative is to point with your thumb (particularly the right thumb).
Thailand
In USA, patting
someone's head can be a sweet gesture, and messing someone's hair is a playful
one. But in Thailand, it can be a serious offense. The head "is considered
the most sacred (神圣的) part of the body,
" she explains. So keep your hands away from others' heads to avoid
disrespecting.
Taiwan,
China
According to the
locals, pointing to the moon will offend the moon goddess. Her punishment for
this is very specific: She'll cut your ear of, or at the very least cut it in
Van Gogh-style. So if you're admiring a beautiful full moon in Taiwan, try your
best to keep your hands by your sides.
4．What is the common reason for minding gestures in different countries
A．Out of admiration. B．Out of curiosity.
C．Out of concern. D．Out of respect.
5．According to the article, which of the following can visitors do
A．Touching others' head in Thailand.
B．Pointing with index finger in Malaysia.
C．Making a thumb-up to others in USA
D．Aiming one's finger directly at the moon in Taiwan.
6．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A travel magazine. B．A novel.
C．A biography. D．A science report.
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个国家不同的手势礼仪文化。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Just as slang words, table manners, and other common customs vary greatly from nation to nation, so do rude gestures. The last thing you want to do when traveling to a new country is to offend (冒犯) the locals.”正如俚语、餐桌礼仪和其他习俗因国而异一样，粗鲁的手势也因国而异。当你去一个新的国家旅行时，你最不想做的事情就是冒犯当地人。可推知，在不同国家注意手势的共同原因是出于尊重。故选D。
5．考查细节理解。根据 Iran 部分中的“What might seem to Americans like a universally positive gesture is not, in fact, universal. ‘Unfortunately, in Iran and neighboring countries, the thumbs-up is the same as the middle finger!’ explains Dana Hooshmand, an author for Discover Discomfort. In America, the middle finger is the one showing disrespect; in Iran, it's the thumb.”在美国人看来似乎是普遍的积极姿态，实际上却不是普遍的。“不幸的是，在伊朗和邻国，竖大拇指和竖中指是一样的”发现不适》一书的作者达纳·胡什曼德解释道。在美国，竖中指表示不尊重；在伊朗，是拇指。可知，根据文章内容，游客可以在美国对别人竖起大拇指。故选C。
6．考查推理判断。根据文章大意以及第一段中的“Just as slang words, table manners, and other common customs vary greatly from nation to nation, so do rude gestures. The last thing you want to do when traveling to a new country is to offend (冒犯) the locals.”正如俚语、餐桌礼仪和其他习俗因国而异一样，粗鲁的手势也因国而异。当你去一个新的国家旅行时，你最不想做的事情就是冒犯当地人；和下文详细的介绍了几个国家的手势礼仪文化。可推知，这篇文章可能来自一本旅游杂志。故选A。
（2022高三上·舟山模拟）阅读理解
Two women in their 50s
stand beholding in front of Guanyin of the South China Sea, an ancient Chinese sculpture
in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. Over the past 20 years,
they have been visiting the museum, describing the "mother Buddha" as
"beautiful and tranquil, a symbol of religious traditions in China". Measuring
2.4 meters high, 1.68 meters wide and 1.1 meters thick, the larger-than-life sculpture
was carved from the trunk of a single poplar tree, which has created a sense of
calm and warmth in the hall.
Since its launch in 1933,
the museum has been actively collecting, preserving, studying and exhibiting works
of Chinese art, ranging from ceramics to furniture, and from paintings to sculptures.
And its Chinese art collection contains masterpieces in various historical stages.
An exhibition on the theme
of Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art was held at the museum, displaying tens
of Chinese ancient paintings with images of animals in many art forms. The creatures
on the paintings represented celebration, personal messages, and even political
and religious agendas.
Organizers of the exhibition
produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings
in Chinese artistic tradition on the other. The cards are provided for visitors
for free.
"I find it very interesting,
and the way that the things are drawn is very cool," says 17-year-old high
school student Camden Lombard after visiting the exhibition. "I want to go
to China someday to find more," he adds.
"It's kind of eye-opening
and we're bringing the world together," says Makar, an educator with the school
outreach and education programs of the museum. "There are so many similarities
as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate
one another."
"We're in a moment
when it's sometimes hard to look outside of your own personal viewpoints,"
says Howard, manager of volunteer engagement at the museum. "I think having
access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated,
and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding
about all the people we share this planet with."
7．The two women kept visiting the Nelson-Atkins Museum for ________.
A．the grand appearance of the exhibition hall
B．their affection for Chinese religious traditions
C．the great size of the ancient Chinese sculpture
D．their curiosity about the delicate artistic carving
8．What can we learn about the exhibition Lively Creatures
A．The organizers gained a handsome profit.
B．The cards reflected multinational cultures.
C．The visitors had rich travel experiences in China.
D．The paintings displayed the charm of Chinese culture.
9．How does Makar describe the visit to the museum
A．Instructive and romantic. B．Imaginary and fascinating.
C．Informative and multicultural. D．Educational and entertaining.
10．What's the purpose of setting up the museum according to Howard
A．To bridge different cultures. B．To popularize religious symbols.
C．To exchange personal viewpoints. D．To demonstrate Chinese paintings.
【答案】7．B
8．D
9．C
10．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述博物馆的展览，阐述了博物馆在不同文化之间架起来沟通的桥梁，帮助不同文化增进欣赏和理解。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Two women in their 50s stand beholding in front of Guanyin of the South China Sea, an ancient Chinese sculpture in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. Over the past 20 years, they have been visiting the museum, describing the ‘mother Buddha’ as ‘beautiful and tranquil, a symbol of religious traditions in China’.”密苏里州堪萨斯城纳尔逊-阿特金斯艺术博物馆里，两名50多岁的妇女站在中国南海观音前凝视。在过去的20年里，她们经常参观这座博物馆，称“妈祖”“美丽宁静，是中国宗教传统的象征”。可知，这两位女士不断参观纳尔逊-阿特金斯博物馆，是因为她们热爱中国宗教传统，故选B。
8．考查推理判断。根据第三段“An exhibition on the theme of Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art was held at the museum, displaying tens of Chinese ancient paintings with images of animals in many art forms. The creatures on the paintings represented celebration, personal messages, and even political and religious agendas.”博物馆以“活泼的生物——中国艺术中的动物”为主题举办了一场展览，展出了数十幅中国古代绘画作品，其中动物形象以多种艺术形式出现。画上的生物代表庆祝、个人信息，甚至政治和宗教议程；以及第四段中的“Organizers of the exhibition produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings in Chinese artistic tradition on the other. ”展览组织者制作了一套卡片，一边是动物的图像，另一边是它们在中国艺术传统中的文化意义。可推断，Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art展览展出的绘画展示了中国文化的魅力。故选D。
9．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“‘It's kind of eye-opening and we're bringing the world together,’ says Makar, an educator with the school outreach and education programs of the museum. ‘There are so many similarities as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate one another.’”“这有点让人大开眼界，我们把世界连在了一起，”负责博物馆学校外展和教育项目的教育工作者马卡尔说。“我们有很多相似之处，也有很多美丽的不同点，我们只是在努力理解和欣赏彼此。”可知，马卡尔认为博物馆的展览让人大开眼界，不同的文化有相似也有不同，增进彼此的理解和欣赏。因此推断他认为参观博物馆是信息丰富并且多元化的。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I think having access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated, and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding about all the people we share this planet with.”我认为，有机会了解其他文化创造了什么，他们重视和欣赏什么，以及对他们来说重要的是什么，这对于建立与我们共享这个星球的所有人的理解非常重要。可知，Howard认为通过参观博物馆可以让人们了解其他文化，因此推断他认为建立博物馆可以在不同文化之间架起桥梁。故选A。
（2022高三上·哈尔滨月考）阅读理解
I
travel a lot, and I find out different "styles" (风格)of directions every time I ask "How can I
get to the post office "
Foreign
tourists are often confused(困惑的)in
Japan because most streets there don't have names; in Japan, people use
landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names.
For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, "Go straight down to the
corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office
is across from the bus stop. "
In the
countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks.
There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no
towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you
directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say,
"Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile. "
People
in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure
distance in time, not miles. "How far away is the post office " you
ask. "Oh," they answer, "it's about five minutes from here.
''You say, "Yes, but how many miles away is it " They don't know.
It's
true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What
happens in such a situation A New Yorker might say, Sorry, I have no idea. But
in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers "I don't know. " People in Yucatan
believe that "I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer,
often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
11．When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually .
A．describe the place carefully
B．show him a map of the place
C．tell him the names of the streets
D．refer to recognizable buildings and places
12．Which is the place where people measure distance in time
A．New York. B．Los Angeles. C．Kansas. D．Iowa.
13．People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer_____.
A．in order to save time B．as a test
C．so as to be polite D．for fun
14．what can we infer from the text
A．It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B．It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C．People have similar understandings of politeness.
D．New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
【答案】11．D
12．B
13．C
14．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同地区的人对游客问路的回答的不同，所以对旅游者来说，最好事先了解当地的习惯。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”直走到街角。在那家大旅馆左转，经过一个水果市场。邮局在公共汽车站的对面。可知，当游客问日本人去某地的路，他们通常会指出参照性的建筑物。故选D。
12．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles.”加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的人们不知道地图上的距离，他们用时间来衡量距离，而不是英里。可知，洛杉矶的人会用时间来说明路程。故选B。
13．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“People in Yucatan believe that ‘I don't know’ is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one.”尤卡坦半岛的人们认为“我不知道”是不礼貌的。他们通常会给出一个答案，而且往往是错误的。可知，当地人不会不回答问题，而是会出于礼貌地回答一个错误的方向。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，不同地区的人对于问路人的回答不同，可推断，对于旅行者来说，了解文化差异是很重要的。故选A。
（2022高三上·汕头期中）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you remember the
first stop-motion movie， with a
galloping（飞奔）horse Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872,
and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was
made because of a bet. The question was∶ do all four of
the horse's hooves （蹄）leave the ground at the same time
at any point of the gallop And Leland Stanford, the founder of the Stanford
University, hired Muybridge to help him settle the bet.
Stanford claimed that,
at some point of the gallop, all four of the horse's hooves are in the air. Some
of his colleagues took a common stand that one foot is always on the ground. It
was a popularly debated question of the time, and it was Muybridge's task to
provide the answer using his photographic knowledge.
Now, you can imagine
that cameras in 1872 couldn't really capture the things moving quickly. Movie
cameras still didn't exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to
get creative. He experimented with a set of 12 cameras. He used them to
photograph a galloping horse in a series of shots. His initial efforts seemed
to prove that Stanford was right, but he still didn't have the process
perfected.
In 1878, Muybridge
raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers （触发器）connected to shutters（快门）for cameras. He
placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the
horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera
take a photo with less than half a second difference.
The photos showed that
Leland Stanford was right, and obviously, he won the bet. But this invention
was a winning situation for all of us. Muybridge later invented a
zoopraxiscope, which was a bit like the GIFs that people now post on social media
and is considered an early device for displaying motion pictures. Thanks to
photography and his invention, the cinema was born.
15．Which of the following words best describes the invention of the first stop-motion movie
A．Difficult. B．Unexpected. C．Serious. D．Interesting.
16．Why did Muybridge have to be creative
A．Because he was lacking in devices.
B．Because he was afraid of failure.
C．Because he was short of experience.
D．Because he was interested in experiment.
17．What can we know about Muybridge's experiment
A．Twelve horses galloped at the same time.
B．Muybridge invented GIF in the experiment.
C．One camera was used to take photos in the first attempt.
D．The triggers were set off by the horse in the second attempt.
18．What is the best title for the article
A．A special history of cinema.
B．A popular study about horses.
C．A bet inspired the birth of cinema.
D．A question led to great experiments.
【答案】15．B
16．A
17．D
18．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的；以及该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
15．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet.”你还记得第一部有一匹疾驰的马的定格电影吗？埃德沃德·迈布里奇在1872年拍摄了这部电影，有趣的是——第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。可知，第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。因此对于第一部定格电影的产生是因为一个打赌而拍摄的，这是意想不到的。故选B。
16．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn't really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn't exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. ”现在，你可以想象1872年的相机无法真正捕捉到快速移动的物体。电影摄像机还不存在，所以这是不可能的。所以Muybridge必须要有创意。可知，在当时缺乏拍摄设备的背景下，Muybridge创作了此部电影。故选A。
17．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.” 1878年，迈布里奇将他的创造力和技巧提高到了一个新的水平。他设置了12个连接相机快门的有线触发器。他把它们均匀地放在跑道上，以便捕捉飞奔的马。当这匹马在跑道上飞奔时，它触发了触发器，使每个相机拍摄的照片相差不到半秒。可知，相机的在线触发器是由马触发的。故选D。
18．考查主旨大意。通读全文，本文讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时文章介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。“一场赌博激发了电影的诞生”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。
（2021高三上·上海月考）阅读理解
When asked in 1993 to
comment on accusations that the movie In the Name of the Father distorts (曲解) contemporary British and
Irish history, female lead Emma Thompson responded that she couldn't care less.
Even since the premiere (首映) in 1915 of The Birth of a
Nation, filmmakers have rewritten history to create top-dollar entertainment.
The films are very persuasive: well-made movies hold your interest
continuously, drawing your attention to "what happens next," and
pulling you forward with no time to reflect on individual scenes until the
final credits roll. The result: you don't remember much about a movie after
watching it for the first time. For this reason, movies have extraordinary
power - unmatched by any other medium - to leave you with a strong sense of
what is right and what is wrong, who is bad and who is good, even though
critical details presented in the movies may be false.
Well, so what They're just
movies. In fact they're not just movies.
Millions of Americans are devoted history lovers, and they pack theatres every
time new movies about historical figures or events come to town. Saving private
Ryan and Titanic drew viewers and cash for months. Many high school teachers
screen movies in the classroom. Clearly countless Americans get most of their
history from television and the big screen.
Some of the industry's
finest historical and period films premiered during the past decades. But the
1960s also saw a number of politically charged history-based movies full of
factual distortions and, occasionally, outright lies. Today the trend continues
on a larger scale: many movies released in the 1990s and the first decade of
the 21*t century reflect lack of respect for solid, reliable history.
History Goes to the Movies is a source of information and, it is hoped, entertainment for everyone interested in the actual history behind a wide selection of movies grouped into twelve sections--11 covering historical periods and events and twelfth containing biographies and period films. Each movie review includes an essay on the history covered in one or more movies, and a brief plot summary. Star ratings (five stars: don't miss it) reflect each movie's historical accuracy and - to a much lesser extent — its power to amuse.
Obviously, expecting
textbook accuracy from movies would be ridiculous-and producers have delivered
a remarkable number of historically faithful movies. But some of them get too
much of their history wrong. History Goes
to the Movies is a guide, however imperfect, for readers and viewers aiming
to get it right.
19．Emma Thompson said ________ that In the Name of the Father was historically inaccurate.
A．it didn't matter. B．it was upsetting.
C．It aroused her attention. D．it wasn't obvious.
20．By "in fact they're not just movies" (in paragraph 2), the author means that________.
A．some movies are much more profitable than others
B．movies serve more purposes than entertaining views
C．movies tend to provide viewers with false details
D．the movies about historical figures attract history lovers
21．Which of the following is true of History Goes to the Movies
A．It is aimed at those who take interest in biographies.
B．It rates a movie mainly according to how amusing it is.
C．It introduces a movie's story as well as its related history.
D．It focuses on the movies that presented history in a funny way.
22．The passage is mainly intended to ________.
A．criticize the film industry's favoring entertainment over truth
B．point out which films presented history in a wrong way.
C．call on film directors to show respect for history
D．introduce a book involving history-based films
【答案】19．A
20．B
21．C
22．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了《History Goes to the Movies》这本书。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
19．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When asked in 1993 to comment on accusations that the movie In the Name of the Father distorts （曲解） contemporary British and Irish history, female lead Emma Thompson responded that she couldn't care less”1993年，当被问及对电影《以圣父之名》扭曲当代英国和爱尔兰历史的指责有何评论时，女主角艾玛·汤普森回答说，她根本不在乎。可知，艾玛·汤普森说《以圣父之名》在历史上是不准确的，这并不重要。故选A。
20．考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Millions of Americans are devoted history lovers, and they pack theatres every time new movies about historical figures or events come to town. Saving private Ryan and Titanic drew viewers and cash for months. Many high school teachers screen movies in the classroom. Clearly countless Americans get most of their history from television and the big screen”数以百万计的美国人是忠实的历史爱好者，每当有关于历史人物或历史事件的新电影上映时，影院里就挤满了人。《拯救大兵瑞恩》和《泰坦尼克号》吸引了观众和现金好几个月。许多高中教师在教室里放映电影。显然，无数的美国人从电视和大屏幕上获得了他们大部分的历史。可知，电影不光是电影，还有教育意义，因此通过“事实上，它们不仅仅是电影”，作者的意思是电影有更多的目的而不止是娱乐的观点，故选B。
21．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“History Goes to the Movies is a source of information and, it is hoped, entertainment for everyone interested in the actual history behind a wide selection of movies grouped into twelve sections--11 covering historical periods and events and twelfth containing biographies and period films. Each movie review includes an essay on the history covered in one or more movies, and a brief plot summary”《History Goes to the Movies》是一个信息来源，希望它能娱乐那些对真实历史感兴趣的人，这些电影被分为12个部分——11个涉及历史时期和事件，第12个包含传记和时代电影。每一篇电影评论包括一篇关于一部或多部电影所涉及的历史的文章，以及一个简短的情节总结。可知，History Goes to the Movies介绍了电影的故事以及相关的历史，故选C。
22．考查推理判断。通读全文尤其是最后两段对History Goes to the Movies这本书的介绍可知，本文写作的目的是介绍一本涉及历史题材电影的书，故选D。
（2023高三下·开学考）阅读理解
While Disney animations are
successful in moving their audiences, their subsidiary (子公司) Pixar
is expert at creating tear-jerking movies as well.
At first sight, it is remarkable
that these movies make us cry—the main characters are cartoon characters, in most
cases not even human beings, who do things that could evidently never happen in
the real world: toys come to life, monsters are to scare sleeping children, and
helium-balloon-powered houses travel the world. How can a story so unrealistic make
us care so much about their animated main characters
The Pixar creators explained
that their stories often reflect their own personal lives. Whereas the animated
characters are far from real, their lives are relatable. The magical ingredient
is the realistic portrayal of the complex emotional lives of the characters.
As Pixar director Pete Doctor
explains: "What you're trying to do, when you tell a story, is to write about
an event in your life that made you feel a particular way. And what you're trying
to do, when you tell a story, is to get the audience to have that same feeling.
While this is true for storytelling in general, it is especially important in Pixar
movies, given that the basic plots of their movies cannot happen in real life."
What makes Pixar's highly unrealistic
stories believable is the fact that they address problems that are central to our
own lives. Pixar addresses real human matters such as family, friendship, death,
loss, and the highly realistic emotions that such events evoke in our life.
The effect of the story thus
depends on the human capacity to empathize with others: to recognize which emotions
others experience, and to understand why others feel how they feel. The fact that
empathy is learned and developed through life may well be the reason why these movies
are entertaining for kids but rather devastating and heart-crushing for adults.
Every Pixar movie has the moment
when we cry. We learn and feel with the characters through the realistic portrayal
of their emotional lives. The stories appeal to our deepest emotions and, thus,
make us cry. Because, essentially, Pixar stories are about us.
23．Which real issue may not be dealt with in Pixar's movies
A．Family conflicts. B．Romantic love.
C．A political issue. D．The betrayal of a friend.
24．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The Pixar's movies are not only entertaining for kids but also heart-breaking for adults.
B．Pixar can create touching movies because of the support from Disney.
C．Both the realistic emotions and real human matters are shown vividly in Pixar's tear-jerking movies.
D．People can find empathy more easily in animation movies than in any other movies.
25．The key reason for the success of Pixar's movies lies in _________.
A．empathy of the audience B．the delicate film design
C．the adorable cartoon characters D．good taste of the audience
26．What's the best title of the passage
A．How to Make Unrealistic Stories Believable
B．How Do Disney Pixar Movies Make Us Cry
C．Why Are Human Easily Attracted by Movies
D．What Makes Disney Pixar Movies Successful
【答案】23．C
24．C
25．A
26．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了皮克斯电影感动观众的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
23．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"the fact that they address problems that are central to our own lives. Pixar addresses real human matters such as family, friendship, death, loss, and the highly realistic emotions that such events evoke in our life.”他们解决的问题与我们的生活息息相关。皮克斯讲述的是真实的人类问题，如家庭、友谊、死亡、失去，以及这些事件在我们生活中唤起的高度现实的情感。可知，皮克斯电影解决的问题都是围绕着我们的生活，讨论真正与人有关的问题，如家庭、友谊、死亡、失去和一些尤为真实的情感。而 political issues“政治问题”，文章中未提及其是否在皮克斯电影中有所涉及。故选C。
24．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"The magical ingredient is the realistic portrayal of the complex emotional lives of the characters.”其神奇之处在于对人物复杂情感生活的逼真刻画；以及第五段中的"What makes Pixar's highly unrealistic stories believable is the fact that they address problems that are central to our own lives.”皮克斯极不现实的故事之所以可信，是因为它们解决了我们生活中的核心问题。可知，在皮克斯电影中，人类复杂的情感生活和生活中出现的真实问题都展现得淋漓尽致。故选C。
25．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"The effect of the story thus depends on the human capacity to empathize with others.”因此，故事的效果取决于人类对他人的移情能力；以及"The fact that empathy is learned and developed through life may well be the reason why these movies are entertaining for kids but rather devastating and heart-crushing for adults.”同理心是在生活中学习和发展的，这可能就是为什么这些电影对孩子来说很有趣，但对成年人来说却是毁灭性和心碎的原因。可知，皮克斯电影获得成功的关键原因很可能是观众具备共情的能力。故选A。
26．考查主旨大意。从第三段开始讨论的都是皮克斯电影之所以让人动情的原因；以及最后一段中的"The stories appeal to our deepest emotions and, thus, make us cry. Because, essentially, Pixar stories are about us.”这些故事触动了我们最深层的情感，因此，让我们哭泣。因为，本质上，皮克斯的故事是关于我们的。“迪士尼皮克斯电影是如何让我们哭的？"概括了文章主要内容，适合做文章的标题。故选B。
（2022高二下·瑞安月考）阅读理解
The
spiders have long scary legs. Some spiders even bite. But Spider-Man is another
story. He might help people see spiders less negatively, a new study finds.
After Menachem Ben-Ezra, a proud fan of the Marvel films and also a psychologist, saw the movie Ant-Man and the Wasp (黄蜂), he walked out with a sudden scientific idea that he should measure people before they went into the theater, and afterwards to see if the fear of ants would be reduced or changed.
Ben-Ezra and his colleagues asked 424 people questions, about one-quarter of them about spiders, such as" Did you find them scary " "Did seeing one make your hearts race and palms sweat " A second group received similar questions, this time about ants. The last two groups got the same questions about other insects. Afterward, everyone watched videos. Group one got a Spider-Man movie. Group two saw Ant-Man and the Wasp. Groups three and four watched unrelated video--wheat waving peacefully in the breeze.
After viewing the movie, Ben-Ezra again asked the participants how they felt about spiders. ants or other insects in general—and found the ant and spider exposures seemed to make people insensitive and less afraid. Between3.5and6. 1 percent of people experience such a phobia (恐惧症) of spiders. Phobias can stop people from traveling, working and enjoying their lives.
Ben-Ezra hopes that their movie research might help people with phobias. But they caution that people with phobias shouldn't just run out and watch movies and expect their fear to go away. "What we did is only the first step in a very long road, "Ben-Ezra says. "We didn't say you'll be cured. We don't have evidence for that. "But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust. After all, if spiders produce Spider-Man, maybe they're not so bad.
27．What method did Ben-Ezra use in his study
A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By making assumptions.
28．What does the underlined word "surmount" in the last paragraph mean
A．Overcome. B．Subscribe. C．Intervene. D．Estimate.
29．What did Ben-Ezra advise people to do with phobias
A．They should travel, work and enjoy their lives.
B．They should keep their phobias of insects a secret.
C．They should adopt a positive attitude to their fear.
D．They should watch more super-hero Marvel movies.
30．What is the best title for this passage
A．The Insect Phobia Cured with Wasp.
B．The Positive Energy of Superheroes.
C．Spider-Man's Spider Fear.
D．Fighting Spider Fear with Spider-Man.
【答案】27．B
28．A
29．C
30．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学家Menachem Ben-Ezra发现，正能量的电影有助于帮助人们克服对某个事物的恐惧。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
27．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的中的“Ben-Ezra and his colleagues asked 424 people questions, about one-quarter of them about spiders, such as ‘Did you find them scary ’ ‘Did seeing one make your hearts race and palms sweat ’”Ben-Ezra和他的同事问了424个人问题，其中四分之一的问题是关于蜘蛛的，比如“你觉得他们可怕吗 ”“看到一个会让你心跳加速，手心出汗吗？”可知，Ben-Ezra是通过问问题进行这项研究的，故选B。
28．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Ben-Ezra hopes that their movie research might help people with phobias.”Ben-Ezra希望他们的电影研究能帮助人们克服恐惧；以及“But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust.”但最终，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶。可知，Ben-Ezra希望他们的电影研究能帮助人们克服恐惧，所以他认为将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶，可推断，划线单词“surmount”是“克服”的意思，故选A。
29．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust. After all, if spiders produce Spider-Man, maybe they’re not so bad.”但最终，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶。毕竟，如果蜘蛛产生蜘蛛侠，也许他们没那么坏。可知，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中，可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶，可推断出Ben-Ezra建议人们要对自己的恐惧持有积极的态度，故选C。
30．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“But Spider-Man is another story. He might help people see spiders less negatively, a new study finds.”但是蜘蛛侠就另当别论了。一项新的研究发现，蜘蛛侠可以帮助人们不那么消极地看待蜘蛛；以及最后一段“Ben-Ezra hopes that their movie research might help people with phobias. But they caution that people with phobias shouldn’t just run out and watch movies and expect their fear to go away. ‘What we did is only the first step in a very long road,’ Ben-Ezra says. ‘We didn’t say you’ll be cured. We don’t have evidence for that.’ But eventually, presenting people's fears in a positive context—such as a superhero movie—might help people surmount their fear or disgust. After all, if spiders produce Spider-Man, maybe they’re not so bad.”Ben-ezra 希望他们的电影研究，能帮助恐惧症患者。但他们警告说，恐惧症患者不应该只是跑出去看电影，然后期望他们的恐惧消失。“我们所做的只是漫漫长路上的第一步”，Ben-Zzra说。”我们没说你会痊愈。我们没有证据”。但最终，将人们的恐惧呈现在一个积极的环境中——比如一部超级英雄电影——可能会帮助人们克服他们的恐惧或厌恶。毕竟，如果蜘蛛能变成蜘蛛侠，也许它们没那么坏。可知，本文主要讲述一位心理学家Ben-Zzra发现，正能量的电影，比如关于蜘蛛侠的电影，有助于帮助人们克服对某个事物的恐惧，“用蜘蛛侠来战胜蜘蛛的恐惧。”适合做文章的标题，故选D。
（2022高三上·哈尔滨月考）阅读理解
The Best Books of 2020
On Monday, the American Library Association announced the top children's books of 2020. Here are the winners.
Devotion
Author Clare Vanderpool took home the John Newbery Medal for outstanding contribution to children's literature for Moon over Manifest. The book is about a young girl's magical adventures in a small Kansas town, in 1936.
Vanderpool said that she was shocked to learn that she had won. "You grow up reading legendary authors like Madeleine L'Engle, but I never expected to be put in a category with her," Vanderpool told TFK. "It's fabulous."
Picture This
The picture book A Sick Day for Amos McGee won the Randolph Caldecott Medal. The book was illustrated by Erin E. Stead and written by her husband, Philip C. Stead. It tells the story of an elderly zookeeper and the animals that visit him when he's not well enough to go to work.
"I love drawing animals and I love drawing people and I love drawing the emotional connection between animals and people," said Stead.
More Honored Books
The Coretta Scott King award, given to an African-American author and illustrator of "outstanding books for children and young adults," went to Rita Williams-Garcia for One Crazy Summer. Set in 1968, the novel follows three sisters from Brooklyn, New York, who visit their mother, a poet who ran away years ago and lives in California.
The king prize for best-illustrated work went to Dave the Potter: Artist, Poet, Slave. The book, which was written by Laban Carrick Hill and illustrated by Bryan Collier, tells the story of a skilled potter who engraved his poems on the clay pots and jars that he made. The enslaved potter, known only as Dave, lived in South Carolina in the 1800s.
31．How did Vanderpool feel when she heard the news that she won the medal
A．Astonished. B．Disappointed. C．Embarrassed. D．Depressed.
32．Who illustrated the book Dave the Potter: Artist, Poet, Slave
A．Bryan Collier. B．Erin E. Stead.
C．Laban Carrick Hill. D．Madeleine L'Engle.
33．What can we infer from the passage
A．The book Moon over Manifest tells a story of a zookeeper and his animals.
B．A Sick Day for Amos McGee shows us that animals can interact with humans.
C．The book A Sick Day for Amos McGee is written by Erin, a famous woman writer.
D．One Crazy Summer is about a mother with her three children having a holiday in California.
【答案】31．A
32．A
33．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国2020年最畅销的儿童图书。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
31．考查细节理解。根据Devotion部分中的“Vanderpool said that she was shocked to learn that she had won.”Vanderpool说，得知自己获奖时她很震惊。可知，当Vanderpool听到她获得奖牌的消息时，她很吃惊。故选A。
32．考查细节理解。根据More Honored Books部分中的“The book, which was written by Laban Carrick Hill and illustrated by Bryan Collie”这本书由Laban Carrick Hill 撰写， Bryan Collie绘制插画。可知， Bryan Collie为Dave the Potter. Artist, Poet, Slave绘制的插图。故选A。
33．考查推理判断。根据Picture This部分中的“It tells the story of an elderly zookeeper and the animals that visit him when he's not well enough to go to work.”它讲述了一个年老的动物园管理员和动物的故事，当他身体不好不能去上班时，它们会去看望他。可知，A Sick Day for Amos McGee向我们展示了动物可以与人类互动。故选B。
（2022高三上·华州开学考）阅读理解
What will you do when one of the few
bookstores in your neighborhood shuts down If you're Latanya DeVaughn, you
will make a new and improved one! The Bronx mom and writer has always dreamed
of opening her own bookstore, so after watching yet another close its doors for
good during the pandemic, she saw her chance.
While Latanya said every neighborhood
deserved a bookstore, opening physical stores on every block simply wasn't an
option. So she decided to bring the books to her neighbors, instead, by turning
a bus into a bookmobile! With the help of her community, she raised money for
her dream and, at the end of 2021, it came true! Bronx Bound Books rolled out
in style as a bus with orange cube bookshelves. "People love the way it
smells," Latanya added. "One woman said the wood smell makes her feel
like she's at home."
Although the bookstore on wheels
carries around 3,0000 new and used books, it has more room than you might
expect! Latanya also makes sure to stock books with a range of diverse
characters so all readers can see themselves in the pages. Of course, her
collection also features works of renowned Black authors like James Baldwin and
Alice Walker. "It's meant to be that way," she explained, "because
I remember going to bookstores and having to look through books just to find
someone that I felt I could resonate with (引起共鸣)."
Setting up her bookstore in a new spot
each day, Latanya is doing her part to make sure that everyone in the Bronx has
books to read. That's what Bronx Bound Books is open for. "I can't open up
a bookstore on every corner, but I can probably pop up on a lot of different
corners," she said.
Thanks to Latanya and Bronx Bound
Books, the Bronx is becoming a heaven for book lovers day by day. I'm sure that
the little bookstore will continue to develop quickly!
34．How did Latanga DeVoughn respond to the shutdown of bookstores
A．She set up her own special bookstore.
B．She purchased and reopened them soon.
C．She opened common stores on every block.
D．She asked her neighbors to open a new one.
35．James Baldwin and Alice Walker are mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that ________.
A．it's hard to stock books with diverse characters
B．all renders can see themselves in Black authors
C．the collection of Bronx Bound Books is diverse
D．finding someone with common interest isn't easy
36．Why is Bronx Bound Books open
A．To recycle old books around the neighborhood.
B．To raise money for Latanya DeVaughn's dream.
C．To open up a bookstore on every corner worldwide.
D．To make reading accessible to everyone in the Bronx.
37．What does the author think of Bronx Bound Books
A．Conservative. B．Unaffordable. C．Promising. D．Controversial.
【答案】34．A
35．C
36．D
37．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，由于疫情，实体书店相继关闭，但Latanya DeVaughn设法开了一家自己的特殊的书店。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
34．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"While Latanya said every neighborhood deserved a bookstore, opening physical stores on every block simply wasn't an option. So she decided to bring the books to her neighbors, instead, by turning a bus into a bookmobile!”Latanya说，每个街区都应该有一家书店，但在每个街区开实体店根本不是一个选择。相反，她决定把一辆公共汽车变成一辆图书车，由此把书带给她的邻居！可知，面对实体书店的关闭，Latanya创办了自己特殊的书店。故选A。
35．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Latanya also makes sure to stock books with a range of diverse characters so all readers can see themselves in the pages. Of course, her collection also features works of renowned Black authors like James Baldwin and Alice Walker.”Latanya还确保储存各种不同字符的书籍，以便所有读者都能在页面中看到自己。当然，她的收藏还包括著名黑人作家詹姆斯·鲍德温和爱丽丝·沃克的作品。可知，提及黑人作家詹姆斯·鲍德温和爱丽丝·沃克是为了表明她收藏的书多种多样。故选C。
36．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Setting up her bookstore in a new spot each day, Latanya is doing her part to make sure that everyone in the Bronx has books to read. That's what Bronx Bound Books is open for.”Latanya每天在一个新的地方开设书店，她正在尽自己的一份力量确保布朗克斯区的每个人都有书可读。这就是布朗克斯装订书籍的开放目的。可知，开放布朗克斯装订书籍的目的是让布朗克斯的每个人都有机会阅读。故选D。
37．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Thanks to Latanya and Bronx Bound Books, the Bronx is becoming a heaven for book lovers day by day. I'm sure that the little bookstore will continue to develop quickly!”多亏了Latanya和布朗克斯装订的书籍，布朗克斯正日益成为书籍爱好者的天堂。我相信这家小书店会继续快速发展！可知，作者认为布朗克斯装订书籍前景很好。故选C。