人教版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元训练（含答案）考试试卷

Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She was sitting ________(cosy) on a little bench behind the schoolhouse looking at a picture book.
2．Those registered are able to enjoy free services such as ________(guide) on employment policies and laws.
3．Though they failed time and time again, they ________(persevere) in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.
4．Every time he ________(resolve) a troublesome problem, he feels he is getting closer to his final goal.
5．When it starts boiling, turn ________ the stove just to keep the soup boiling.
6．Stephen William Hawking, a famous physicist, was born in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic ________ designing complicated toys.
7．The job applicant must have good communication skills, a business ________(qualify) and first of all previous working experience.
8．I make a list of books I will read and the ________(assign) I will do.
9．With the development of network technology, it is time for us ________(understand) the importance of 5G technology.
10．He was allowed ________(go) out, but his parents made it a condition that he should get home before 10 p．m..
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．鸟儿受到了惊吓，向四面八方飞去。(direction)
Frightened，____________________________________________.
2．你只要按时归还，就可以把这本书拿走。(as long as)
You may take this book away _____________________________________
________________．
3．不管这个问题有多难，他都决心要把它解决。(no matter＋疑问词)
He was determined to work the problem out __________________________________
________________．
4．你可不要一听到批评就生气。(祈使句)
________________ the moment you hear criticism.
5．多谢了！要是没有你及时的指导，我不可能在这么短的时间里完成这个艰巨的工作。(虚拟语气)
Thanks a lot! Without your timely guidance, ___________________________．
6．我们能够改变这个结果的可能性很小。但是我们至少要试一试。(同位语从句)
________________________________________________________________________.
But at least, we should have a try.
Ⅲ.用现在完成时翻译句子
1．我已经修好了自行车，这周末我们可以去骑车了。
________________________________________________________________________
2．最近我一直在思考未来，我在想怎样才能实现自己的目标。
________________________________________________________________________
3．今天上午我一直给他打电话，打了好多次，但都没有人接。
________________________________________________________________________
4．这场森林大火到现在已经烧了数十天。
________________________________________________________________________
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读
For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let's say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on, point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
1．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD
A．It causes temporary hearing loss.
B．It slows down a running man.
C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.
D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
2．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.
A．silence the people around you
B．remove the sound of commercials
C．block the incoming sound waves
D．stop unwanted sound from affecting you
3．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share
A．They travel in circles.
B．They clear the atmosphere.
C．They can be transformed into energy.
D．They can be directed onto a specific area.
4．Directed sound can be used for ________．
A．creative designs of restaurant menus
B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage
C．different choices of music for businesses
D．strict control over any suspicious customer
5．What does the passage focus on
A．How professionals invented sound products.
B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C．The growing interest in the study of sound.
D．How sound engineers work in their studios.
Ⅱ.七选五
To become a flexible reader, you need to know how to select and use a reading style that is consistent(一致的) with your purpose of reading. __1__ Each has its own purpose. Read to learn about the three reading styles used by flexible readers.
__2__ The purpose of this reading style is to read difficult material at a high level of comprehension. When using the study reading style, you should read at a rate that is slower than your normal reading rate. Sometimes, reading material aloud will also help you improve your comprehension.
The second reading style is skimming. The purpose of this reading style is to quickly obtain a general idea about reading material. __3__ When using the skimming style, you should identify the main ideas in each paragraph and ignore the details in supportive sentences.
The third reading style is scanning. The purpose of this reading style is to quickly locate a specific piece of information within reading material. __4__ Since you know exactly what you are looking for, move your eyes quickly over reading material until you locate the specific piece of information you need to find.
Before you begin your next reading assignment, identify your purpose of reading. Decide if you are reading for a high level of comprehension, trying to get a general idea about what you are reading, or looking for specific information. __5__
A．Your reading purpose plays an important role in your reading.
B．Study reading is the reading style used by flexible readers.
C．There are three important reading styles you should learn to use.
D．Then use the reading style that is appropriate for your reading purpose.
E．The skimming style is most useful when you have to read a lot of material quickly.
F．The information to be located may be contained in any place of reading material.
G．If you want to find the topic sentence in a passage, the skimming style is your choice.
Ⅲ.完形填空
It's 27 years since my last conversation with Mother, who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary(同时代的) girls. She often told me，“I never got my __1__ but one day you will.”
Pointing to a tree or a cow, she asked me to repeat their English names after her. Feeling __2__， I asked, “Mama, why do I have to learn these __3__ words？” She held her pen right before my eyes. “Hold it firmly，” she __4__ me, “for this pen and the new language will be your compass(指南针) to sail around the world.” Sadly, my mother died of breast cancer when I was six.
Turning seven, I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school. __5__“closer” is a relative term in Uganda, which __6__ I had to get up as the early sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school. Also, I needed to carry a stick in __7__ of snakes and dogs. During the rainy season, the path to school was __8__ daily and I'd swim with one hand, using the other hand to __9__ the book bag on my head.
Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't __10__ primary school in Uganda. Reasons for this __11__ dropout rate include the long __12__ some children must __13__ among many other reasons.
Fortunately, I've made it. Whenever I see the sun rise, I am __14__ of the wisdom of my mother. What she taught me when I was a kid took root in my heart, __15__ me to persevere with enthusiasm even in the miserable period of life.,
1．A.degree B．scholarship
C．recommendation D．admission
2．A.anxious B．hopeless
C．disappointed D．annoyed
3．A.tough B．new
C．foreign D．old
4．A.encouraged B．consulted
C．blamed D．frightened
5．A.But B．So
C．When D．If
6．A.shows B．means
C．proves D．states
7．A.search B．possession
C．spite D．case
8．A.damaged B．repaired
C．blocked D．flooded
9．A.drag B．hold
C．hide D．seize
10．A.attend B．enter
C．complete D．continue
11．A.constant B．steady
C．low D．high
12．A.distances B．periods
C．lists D．stories
13．A.cover B．consider
C．judge D．measure
14．A.informed B．warned
C．reminded D．told
15．A.allowing B．inspiring
C．expecting D．intending
Ⅳ.语法填空
Failing Successfully
Two years ago I took part in a speech competition and I got the worst. Though losing the competition, I really wanted 1.________(compete) again. I realized that finding the right topic was the most important part. It needs to be motivational and inspirational to the audience. So I reworked my speech for the 2.________(follow) year, picking a different topic and spending countless hours polishing (润色) the speech, word 3.________ word.
The next year I participated in 4.________ competition again. My speech went well and I hoped to do that a bit better this year. 5.________(sad), my wish didn't come true. The competition was so fierce that again I didn't make 6.________.
The defeat was a bitter pill to swallow. I couldn't accept the fact 7.________ I had failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on. However, one of the 8.________(judge) said to me that my speech was quite good, but it needed to be 9.________(good) if I wanted to go any further. He advised me to struggle to overcome something like some of the empty gestures. He said that I would surely succeed some day.
Hearing such instructive and 10.________(inspire) words, I knew I failed successfully. Losing is normal and part of life. This experience was not a fall but a slip.
Ⅴ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Is the traditional family dinner a thing of the past In today's households where both parents go to work and kids have busy schedules with school, an array of afternoon activities and much homework, finding time for a gathering at the table seems impossible. Yet, studies have shown time and again that eating together has multiple benefits for family members, especially children.
According to a number of reports issued by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, children who eat at least five times a week with their family are at lower risk of developing poor eating habits, weight problems or alcohol dependencies, and tend to perform better academically than their peers who frequently eat alone or away from home.
“Eating together as a family is not just about food and nutrition. Food has become so easily and cheaply available that we no longer appreciate its significance，” says Professor Robin Fox, who teaches anthropology at Rutgers University in New Jersey.“We have to rediscover its importance and its value. Sharing a meal with loved ones should be considered a special event, which can almost take on the form of a ceremony, as it was practiced by our ancestors, for whom finding food was a constant struggle.”
Besides appreciation for the value of food, there are also many social elements that come into play when families share meals, says Miriam Weinstein, author of The Surprising Power of Family Meals. The dinner table can be the perfect environment where kids learn how to conduct conversations, observe good manners, serve others, listen, solve conflicts and compromise.
Of course, there is no guarantee that the simple act of eating at home surrounded by family will save children from developing unhealthy lifestyles or making regrettable choices down the road. It may not make them more virtuous(品德端正的) or socially more responsible. But it can form a basis for a lot of things that point them in the right direction.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【基础训练】Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．cosily　2.guidance　3.persevered　4.resolves　5.down
6．about　7.qualification　8.assignment(s)　9.to understand
10．to go
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．the birds flew in all directions　2.as long as you return it on time　3.no matter how difficult it is　4.Don't you get angry　5.I couldn't have finished the tough task in such a short time　6.There is little chance that we can change the result
Ⅲ.用现在完成时翻译句子
1．I have fixed the bike. We can go cycling this weekend.
2．I have been thinking about the future lately, wondering how I can achieve my goal.
3．I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer.
4．Until now the forest fire has been burning for dozens of days.
【能力提升】Ⅰ.阅读
1．A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。故选A。
2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on, point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.”可知，它的功能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。只要打开机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来。由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你的设备。故选D。
3．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域，故选D。
4．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, ‘a spotsound’ creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐时。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择。故选C。
5．B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是篇说明文，向读者介绍了三种满足不同阅读目的的阅读方式。
1．C　空后的“the three reading styles”和C项中的“three important reading styles”相对应，故答案为C项。
2．B　本段主要讲the study reading style这种阅读方式，故选B项。
3．E　根据语境可知，本空是对the skimming style这一阅读方式的进一步说明，故选E项。
4．F　F选项中的“The information to be located”与空前一句相对应，故选F项。
5．D　根据空前的叙述可知，本句应为选择合适的阅读方式，故答案为D项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
1．A　考查名词。degree在此处意为“学位”。由空前句中的who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls可知作者的母亲没有完成学业，所以作者的母亲没有获得学位。故A项正确。
2．D　考查形容词。根据空后内容“Mama，why do I have to learn these __3__ words？”和本段作者的母亲对他的教育可知，当时作者一遍遍地记外语单词，感觉很烦，所以D项正确。
3．C　考查形容词。由下文for this pen and the new language will be your compass to sail around the world可知作者的母亲让她学习外国词汇，故选C项。
4．A　考查动词。由空后作者的母亲的鼓励的话可以判断A项正确。
5．A　考查连词。本句中的I had to get up as the early sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school表明作者每天要早早起床跑8.8英里才能到学校，故可知虽然作者搬去了离学校较近的地方，但“近”在乌干达只是相对而言，前后内容存在转折关系，所以A项正确。
6．B　考查动词。mean在此处意为“意味着”。空前的“closer”is a relative term in Uganda表明“近”在乌干达是相对而言的，所以那意味着作者其实依然要起得很早，故B项正确。
7．D　考查固定搭配。in case of意为“以防”。由I needed to carry a stick可知作者拿棍子来防蛇和狗，故选D。
8．D　考查动词。由空前的During the rainy season和空后的I'd swim可知在雨季通往学校的路每天都会被淹没，故选D。
9．B　考查动词。此处hold意为“托住”，根据空后的the book bag on my head可知作者在游水的同时为了让书包不被弄湿，必须把书包举在头上，故B项正确。
10．C　考查动词。本文讲述作者作为乌干达穷人家的孩子求学经历的种种艰辛，由此可知在乌干达70%的穷人家的孩子没有上完小学，故C项正确。
11．D　考查形容词。由前文在乌干达70%的穷人家的孩子不能上完小学可知乌干达的辍学率很高，所以D项正确。
12．A　考查名词。根据前文所讲述的作者每天早起赶8.8英里的路程可知，距离学校太远是高辍学率的原因之一。
13．A　考查动词。cover在此处意为“行走(一段路程)”，与distances相照应。
14．C　考查动词。remind意为“使想起”。此处指太阳升起使作者想起自己的母亲的智慧。
15．B　考查动词。inspire在此处意为“鼓舞；激励”。由前句每当看到太阳升起作者就会想起母亲的智慧可知，幼时母亲的教导一直鼓舞着他以充沛的热情走过那段不幸的日子，所以B项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空
1．to compete　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。
2．following　考查词性转换。此处following是形容词，意为“接下来的”，修饰名词year，the following year意为“第二年”。
3．for　考查介词。word for word意为“逐字地，一字不差地”。
4．the　考查冠词。此处指作者第二年再次参加competition“竞赛”，表示特指，所以要用定冠词the。
5．Sadly　考查词性转换。设空处位于句首，修饰整个句子，故用副词。sadly意为“令人遗憾地”。
6．it　考查代词。句意：比赛如此激烈，以至于我又一次未获成功。此处包含固定短语make it“获得成功”。
7．that　考查同位语从句的引导词。设空处引导同位语从句，表示fact的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，故填that。
8．judges　考查名词复数。此处judge意为“裁判”，根据空前的one of the可知应该用名词的复数形式。
9．better　考查形容词比较级。空前的my speech was quite good表明我的演讲已经很好，空后的if I wanted to go any further意为“如果我想走得更远”，由此可知我的演讲需要更好，所以应该用good的比较级better。
10．inspiring　考查词性转换。此处指作者听了如此有启发性的、鼓舞人心的话。此处应填形容词修饰其后的words。“inspiring”意为“鼓舞人心的”。
Ⅴ.概要写作
参考范文：
Studies find that eating together as a family, which nowadays seems impossible for busy parents and kids, is actually beneficial.(要点1) First, it can contribute to children's better physical health and academic performances.(要点2) It also offers a platform where kids can learn to appreciate the value of food and develop social skills.(要点3、要点4) Though sharing meals may not ensure children lifelong wellness, it can at least guide them on the right track.(要点5)