备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：概要写作考试试卷

备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：概要写作
一、书面表达
1．（2022高三上·长沙月考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A
psychologist once said. "If you've conquered every one of your fears,
congratulations —
you're dead." This humorous quote points to a simple truth —
no one can escape fear completely.
However,
fear can be a good thing. It is a natural, healthy reaction to danger. In fact,
sometimes we are afraid of things that aren't dangerous such as public
speaking, failing a test or being rejected. These unhealthy fears can keep us from
achieving our dreams. So how can we successfully face our fears
First, admit
what you fear and then share it with someone you trust. Perhaps you worry that others
would look down on you if they know what you fear, but you might be surprised
at how many other people share the same fears. Learning you're not the only one
who fears something will give you self-esteem(自尊心) a push.
Second, ask yourself, "What is the worst scenario(最坏的情况) " This question can help you gain perspective(洞察力). If you think about it, the worst might not be that bad, after
pared with the fear of losing a contest or being turned down, the
regret of having missed opportunities can be even harder to bear. Even worse,
you will never know what you might have accomplished. Finally, take more steps
toward conquering your fears. If you fear public speaking, start by giving a
small talk to a few people. If your talk doesn't go well, try again. Each small
success will increase your confidence and persistence is one of the keys to success.
You might
never completely conquer your fear of certain things, but what is important is that
you can bring yourself to do what you fear. True bravery is feeling afraid but
doing what you have to do anyway. It's also true that you struggle with fear
and don't let your fear stop you from getting the most out of life.
【答案】 Fear, either response to danger or an obstacle to success, is unavoidable, but it can be handed properly as follows. Acknowledging what you fear and letting trustworthy people know are the first step and then consider the worst situation to get a better understanding of it. Finally, it's also important to make efforts step by against fear. Though fear can't be defeated thoroughly, you should face and struggle with it bravely to achieve the greatest gains in life.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了如何克服恐惧的一些策略。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Fear, either response to danger or an obstacle to success, is unavoidable, but it can be handed properly as follows. 运用了转折并列句，被动语态；Acknowledging what you fear and letting trustworthy people know are the first step and then consider the worst situation to get a better understanding of it.运用了动名词作主语，宾语从句； Finally, it's also important to make efforts step by against fear. 运用了it作形式主语；Though fear can't be defeated thoroughly, you should face and struggle with it bravely to achieve the greatest gains in life.运用了让步状语从句。
2．（2022高三上·长沙开学考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have
shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower
risk of diabetes(糖尿病) than people
who eat meat. However, most people don't realize that a vegetarian diet
produces less pollution the environment.
Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently
studied how consumer behavior affects the environment. The study showed that
meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the
environment, second only to the use of motor vehicle.
Then, how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment For
a start, all farm animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep give off methane gas(沼气) by breathing. One cow can produce up to 60 liters
of methane each day. Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after
carbon dioxide. Many environmental experts now believe that it is more
responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. It is estimated that 25% of
all methane released into the air comes from farm animals.
Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the
use of water and land. 2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound
of beef while only 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of
wheat. One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40,000 pounds
of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots, or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes. However,
one acre of farmland used for raising cows can produce just 250 pounds of beef.
Many people now see the benefits of a vegetarian diet, not just for
health reasons, but also because it plays an important role in protecting the
environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally
strict vegetarian, or vegan diet. They believe a vegan diet, which excludes(拒绝) all products from animal sources, such as cheese,
eggs, and milk, can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies
need.
【答案】 Vegetarian diets not only are healthy but also affect the environment positively. A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment. For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide. For another, meat production consumes much more water and land than crop production. However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了介绍了素食因为对健康有利越来越受到人们的青睐，但素食主义者自己没有意识到的事情是素食对环境的影响。有关科学家研究表明人们的饮食行为会对环境造成影响，首先是农民饲养的动物排放有毒的甲烷，另外，肉食生产的过程和粮食生产的过程比较起来要耗费更多的水和土壤，但是一些营养学家不建议人们成为严格的素食主义者，人的身体需要奶酪、鸡蛋等动物产品来补充必要的维生素和矿物质。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment. 运用了宾语从句；For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide.运用了现在分词作状语； However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.运用了被动语态。
3．（2021高三下·杭州月考）概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
Most students
experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams, as both their parents and
teachers expect them to get high scores. Students who feel anxious are likely
to experience problems like difficulty in concentrating while studying,
confusion, feeling stressed while looking at difficult questions, feeling
blank, sweating, sleepless, etc. Under such circumstances they end up scoring
less than they could have. Therefore, it's extremely important for students to
learn about how to overcome fear, so that they can take their examination confidently,
finally earning good grades. Here are a few tips on ways to overcome exam fear.
There are many
students who take studies lightly, leaving everything to be studied at the last
minute. As a result, when exams are around the corner, they feel scared, as
they don't know where to start, and what to study. So the easiest way of
overcoming this problem is to start studying much before the exam. Another
common mistake that many students make is that they don't make an effort to
understand the subject. When they have memorized without understanding, the
chances of forgetting are more. Therefore, it is vital to understand the
concept before memorizing it. In this way, you will never forget any important
point. Besides, that the exams are coming does not mean that you have to sit
with your books for the entire day and students should take regular breaks to
relax and refresh their mind. However, they should avoid watching too much TV
and addicting themselves to the Internet, in which way, they are more likely to
waste time.
Apart from the tips
above, here are some points that will help students cope with exam-related
anxiety. For example, before the exam, avoid studying anything new or having
conversations with your classmates about what they have studied and how much
they have studied, both of which will make you more nervous. During the exam,
if you get blank after seeing difficult questions, ignore them for the time
being, and attempt those you find easier. Once you have completed them, go back
to the difficult ones.
【答案】暂未更新
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了讲述了学生因为老师和父母的期待产生了考试焦虑症，然后针对考高分提出了建议。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本文是一篇说明文，可以从以下四个方面进行总结：老师和家长对孩子的高分的期待让孩子产生了考试焦虑；一些保证考试高分的建议：提前做好准备，理解需要记忆的内容，劳逸结合；总之在考试之前和考试之中要避免一切可能让你产生压力的事。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生需要注意紧扣文章主题，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
4．（2021高三上·嘉兴月考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some people are naturally outgoing, but other people
have to practice to become outgoing. If you want to become outgoing, there are
several strategies (策略）that you can use. Being "outgoing" involves learning how
to present yourself to others, starting conversations, and being more confident
in yourself.
One of the easiest ways to present yourself is to
ask your friends, colleagues, or classmates to introduce you to their friends.
For example, if you walk into a room and your friend is talking to someone
else, make it a point to say hello and introduce yourself. The next time you
see that person, you can say hello and, since you have already been introduced,
you have built a bridge into future communication.
When you're in a social situation, such as at a
party, try to make eye contact with the other people there with a friendly
smile. If the other person responds or smiles back at you, then go over to them
and introduce yourself. That is usually a good sign for a possible conversation.
If the person does not respond, let them go their way. There's a difference
between being "outgoing" and "pushy." Another practical way
to start a conversation with others is to use compliments (赞美). When
you're attracted by certain people, you're bound to notice little things that
you appreciate. You can acknowledge these things with a sincere compliment.
Doing something that makes you feel a little
uncomfortable is a good way to promote your confidence and help you become a
more outgoing version of yourself. If you have never danced before but want to
take a ballet lesson, try it out. Do your best to fight the inner voice telling
that you can't do something or defining (定义)yourself by what you think you
should be doing instead. With each little victory, you'll gain the confidence
to step further and further outside your comfort zone.
【答案】 To be an outgoing person, you can adopt some tactics. Firstly, rely on your friends for introductions when meeting their friends, which is a basic approach to leaving an initial impression on others. Then on social occasions, you can apply eye contact with a warm smile as well as give sincere praise to break the ice. Lastly, try something out of your comfort zone by managing your internal dialogues so that you can stay confident.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要讲的是有些人天生外向，但有些人需要练习才能变得外向。如果你想变得外向，有几个策略你可以使用。“外向”包括学习如何向别人展示自己，开始对话，对自己更加自信。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： To be an outgoing person, you can adopt some tactics. 运用了不定式作目的状语；Firstly, rely on your friends for introductions when meeting their friends, which is a basic approach to leaving an initial impression on others. 运用了祈使句，省略，非限制性定语从句； Lastly, try something out of your comfort zone by managing your internal dialogues so that you can stay confident.运用了目的状语从句。
5．（2021高三上·宁波开学考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Chimps will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war
parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as
social beings, they have little instinct to help one another. Chimps in the
wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share
food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own
food.
In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a
chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or,
with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the
next cage, he will pull at random — he just doesn't care whether his neighbor
gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From
the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to
participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has
studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children.
He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full
trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,
inform and share are not taught but naturally possessed in young children. One
is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have
started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping
behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that
social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive skills,
at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the
children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were
considerably better at understanding the social world.
The cure of what children's minds have and chimps' don't in what
Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others
know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a
shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that
intends to work toward a shared goal.
【答案】 Unlike chimps, which have been found really selfish, human children are cooperative and this tendency to cooperate is considered a natural instinct. First, this is because this instinct happens at an early age, even before social behavior training. Besides, the helping behaviors can't be improved by rewarding and human's social intelligence develops before cognitive skills. The core of children's natural cooperativeness is called shared intentionality, which is rooted in human's sociality.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作，讲述了通过研究人们发现，大猩猩很自私，而人类的孩子却在小时候就懂得合作的重要性，并陈述了产生这种现象的原因。通读全文，我们可以按总——分的结构，从以下四点对文章进行概括：不像自私的大猩猩，人类小孩都具有合作精神，并且这种倾向不是习得的，而是一种本能。首先，这是因为这种本能在人类很小的时候，甚至在社会行为训练之前就会发生。此外，这种相互帮助的行为不能通过奖励改善，并且人类的社会智力在认知技能之前就得到了发展。儿童自然合作的核心被称为共享意向性，它植根于人类的社会性。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Unlike chimps, which have been found really selfish, human children are cooperative and this tendency to cooperate is considered a natural instinct运用了非限制性定语从句； First, this is because this instinct happens at an early age, even before social behavior training. 运用了表语从句；Besides, the helping behaviors can't be improved by rewarding and human's social intelligence develops before cognitive skills. 运用了被动语态；The core of children's natural cooperativeness is called shared intentionality, which is rooted in human's sociality.运用了非限制性定语从句。
6．（2021高三上·浙江开学考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bullying
has been an exceeding issue over the years. Bullying is a major problem that we
haven't been able to stop. Every year more and more people become bullied at
school and online.What is worrying us most is that the numbers of kids who are
starting to become victims are increasing. Bullying doesn't just affect the
victims of bullying but harms everyone around it, including the bullies
themselves.
Bullying has gone viral in the new communication era. People have been bullying over the internet on social media sites such as Facebook, twitter as well as social networking sites. People have also used our new technology of texting to harass people. Cyber bullying is what it's called when you bully someone over the internet. It is really not rare to see people bullied through the internet. People who are bullied feel great pressure and many of them committed suicide, Just in 2020, as many as 1,200 teens were reported to have acted suicide because of cyber bully.
Bullying
in school is still in play as well. It may be the "old fashioned" and
it is still just as effective! School teachers should be aware that it IS
HAPPENING!!! Parents think that bullying in schools is just" a part of
school"which is complete utter nonsense! When students get bullied they
feel unsafe, scared and sad. Statistics show that on a daily average 160, 000
children miss school because they fear they will he bullied again.
Nobody
likes a bully and being one may be a nightmare of the kids. It is high time
that we attached great importance to it. Bystanders could really help stop
bullying if they stood up right when it is happening! Stop bullying on the spot
therefore it cant go anywhere or develop anymore, If a teacher or anyone sees
the bullying, don t he afraid! When adults respond quickly and consistently,
they sent the message that it is not acceptable. When stopping bullying on spot
you should intervene immediately, separate the kids involved and make sure
everyone is safe. If we all take a stand against bullying and not ignore it or
even encourage it, I believe that we can put an end to it!
【答案】【参考范文】
Bullying, which does great harm to everyone related to it, has been spreading fast over the years, especially in schools and on the net. With the developing of the net, Cyber bullying becomes more and more popular, resulting great bad effects, including shocking number of suicides School is another disaster area of bullying, with great number of kids affected. Serious as it may be, bullying can be stopped if we all take action against it immediately in a correct way.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。介绍了欺凌问题，尤其是校园欺凌和网络欺凌。随着网络的发展，网络欺凌变得越来越流行，造成了巨大的不良影响，但如果我们都立即以正确的方式采取行动，欺凌是可以被制止的。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Bullying, which does great harm to everyone related to it, has been spreading fast over the years, especially in schools and on the net.运用了非限制性定语从句；With the developing of the net, School is another disaster area of bullying, with great number of kids affected. 运用了with的复合结构，Serious as it may be, bullying can be stopped if we all take action against it immediately in a correct way.运用了倒装句。状语从句。
7．（2021高三上·宁波月考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Architects
have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings
and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(实证的) basis.
They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people
focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches
show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity.In2007, Joan
Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's
ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings
encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more
abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more
detailed outlook.
In
addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence a
person's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell
University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase
in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard
test of attention. According to another study at the University of Georgia, using
nature to improve focus of attention seems to pay off academically. It found
that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside
the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths
than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent
study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的) light helps people to
loosen up. If that is true, generally keeping the light low during dinner or at
parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also
discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So
far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings." We have a very
limited. number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a
straw," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to
very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That's what
we're all struggling with."
【答案】 Scientists are studying how to design the living places to benefit us. Researches show that physical environment, like the height of ceilings, can affect people's creativity. More greenness or a broader vision can improve one's attention span, and then academic performance. Dim light and round-edged furniture bring people relaxation. But so far, similar studies have been limited to a small scale.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。科学家们正在研究如何设计生活场所使人们受益。 研究表明，下面的生活环境对人们有影响，如天花板的高度会提高创造力，更多的绿色空间、更广阔的视野会让人们注意力集中，昏暗的光线和圆角的家具会让人们感到放松。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Scientists are studying how to design the living places to benefit us.运用了“疑问词+不定式”作宾语； Researches show that physical environment, like the height of ceilings, can affect people's creativity. 运用了宾语从句； But so far, similar studies have been limited to a small scale.运用了被动语态。
8．（2020高三上·黄岛期中）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are some important
regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe
and responsible way. When kids know what the consequences are when rules aren't
followed, that makes life more predictable for them.
Most kids are not paying
for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you pay for it, you own
it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the
rules you set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell
phone, suddenly parents discover data runs out half way through the month. This
can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Also,
teen cell phone addiction should be limited. Generally, it's a good idea to
have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at e to
agreement in advance about what they are and aren't allowed to download on
their cell phone. There are some really bad apps for kids that you don't want
on their phones.
Make sure your kids
understand how to set up their privacy. Talk with them about why guarding their
privacy is so important. Many teens truly have no concept about everything that
a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their
location.
You want to cover what is
and isn't appropriate to share via a cell phone. This definitely means photos
and language used in emails and on social media. But don't forget simpler
things like providing their address, their age or what school they go to
online.
Lastly, there are times and
places when using one's cell phone is not appropriate. In movie theaters or
during class time at school the phone should be on silent and put away.
Additionally, when someone is having a face to face conversation with them,
they need to be looking at the person, not their phone.
【答案】 Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. First, parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them. Besides, parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely. Lastly, it is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy. Meanwhile, when and where to use cell phones should also be told.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。介绍了父母可以采取一些重要的规定确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. 运用了不定式作目的状语；First, parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them. 运用了原因状语从句； Lastly, it is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy. 运用了it作形式主语和宾语从句；Meanwhile, when and where to use cell phones should also be told.运用了“疑问词+不定式”作主语。
9．（2020高三上·杭州期中）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's not just your mom's
arbitrary rule; across cultures and throughout history, elbows(手肘) on the table have long been
considered unacceptable behavior. Indeed, the Bible warns of putting your
elbows on the table, and in 1530, Dutch philosopher Erasmus repeated the same
rule. Even the etiquette(礼节) experts don't advise it. So, why have elbows on the table always
been considered rude
For earlier civilizations,
this rule functioned to prevent possible violence at the table." Table
manners prevented us from leaving our space and starting a" fight. It was
important that people saw you-as considerate or trying hard," says
Margaret Visser, author of The Rituals of Dinner. Our place setting's fork and
knife already act as an imaginary boundary for bur space at the table, so
ignoring" or breaking that border indicates that you have no regard for order
and are therefore potentially mentally ill-who: knows what else you're capable
of!
Today, while keeping your
elbows off the table can't be traced back' to a single culture or civilization,
it more belongs to the universal language of principle, which expresses two
ideas, that at mealtime one shouldn't do anything that inconveniences other
diners, and that a meal is a formal occasion where' one shouldn't behave in a
casual way.
However, that's not to say
that in the here and now leaving your' elbows on the" table will bring
dishonor upon your family. Manners develop with the times to meet our needs and
feelings. In fact, some body language now suggests that elbows on the table are
a sign of appearing engaged and focused on the conversation at hand.
Above all, being
considerate, respectful, 'and honest is more important 'than knowing which fork
to use. Whether it's a handshake or a hug, it's the sincerity behind and good
intentions of the action that matter most
【答案】Possible version I
Putting elbows on the table is always considered a taboo in different cultures and historical periods. In the past, the rule helped to avoid probable conflicts at table as it left people's space inviolate. Today, as a universal principle, it conveys the message that one shouldn't trouble other diners but behave well. Whereas, with manners developing, placing elbows on the table equals showing interest and concentration in some situations. Anyway, what matters most is the underlying sincerity and consideration.
Possible version II
It has long been regarded improper to put elbows on the table. Actually, for earlier civilizations, people did so to avoid possible violence during the meal. Nowadays, as a universal principle, it indicates that one shouldn't bother others or behave casually at mealtime. Nevertheless, it isn't always considered bad-mannered, but it means people are concentrated and engaged. All in all, what matters most is people's good intention and genuineness.
【知识点】文字式议论文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作。读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。这是一篇议论文，文章主要讲述了礼节。胳膊肘放在桌子上总是被认为是不礼貌的。然而，随着礼仪的发展，它并不总是被认为是没礼貌的,在某些情况下，将肘部放在桌子上等于表示出兴趣和注意力的集中。无论如何，最重要的是内在的真诚和体贴。（1）确定体裁，本文是议论文。明确主题（why have elbows on the table always been considered rude ）及结构。（2）划主题句，找关键信息。这篇概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。本文各段主题句是：1. For earlier civilizations, this rule functioned to prevent possible violence at the table.2. Today, while keeping your elbows off the table can't be traced back to a single culture or civilization, it more belongs to the universal language of principle.3. However, that's not to say that in the here and now leaving your elbows on the table will bring dishonor upon your family.4. Above all, being considerate, respectful, and honest is more important than knowing which fork to use. （3）改写。注意要点之间的衍接，要用适当的关联词语要通全文。(4)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。从范文中可以看出作者对原文要点的理解正确并呈现完整；应用语法结构和词汇准确；上下文连贯；要点表达独立；完全使用了自己的语言，语法结构准确，词汇应用丰富；所写内容与所提供内容密切相关，无文章原句。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Possible version I部分中的：Putting elbows on the table is always considered a taboo in different cultures and historical periods. 运用了动名词作主语；In the past, the rule helped to avoid probable conflicts at table as it left people's space inviolate. 运用了原因状语从句；Today, as a universal principle, it conveys the message that one shouldn't trouble other diners but behave well. 运用了同位语从句；Whereas, with manners developing, placing elbows on the table equals showing interest and concentration in some situations. 运用了with的复合结构；Anyway, what matters most is the underlying sincerity and consideration.运用了主语从句。Possible version II部分中的：It has long been regarded improper to put elbows on the table. 运用了it作形式主语；Actually, for earlier civilizations, people did so to avoid possible violence during the meal. 运用了不定式作目的状语；Nowadays, as a universal principle, it indicates that one shouldn't bother others or behave casually at mealtime. 运用了宾语从句；Nevertheless, it isn't always considered bad-mannered, but it means people are concentrated and engaged. 运用了并列句；All in all, what matters most is people's good intention and genuineness.运用了主语从句。
10．（2020高三上·杭州月考）阅读下列短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Almost all Americans are involved
with sports in some way. They may play baseball or volleyball or go swimming or
skiing. They may watch football or basketball on the high school, college, or professional
level. In reality, sports have reached a point where they play too large a role
in daily life.
The overemphasis (过度强调) on sports can be seen most obviously in the vast media coverage of
athlete events. It seems as if every race, meet, or match is shown on one television
channel or another. In addition, sports news make up about 30 percent of local news.
Radio offers a complete list of games and a wide variety of sports shows. Furthermore,
many daily papers such as USA Today are devoting more and more space to sports coverage,
often in an attempt to attract more readers. The paper with the biggest sports section
is the one people will buy.
The way we raise and educate
our children also illustrates our sports craziness. As early as six or seven, kids
are placed in little leagues, often to play under screaming coaches and pressuring
parents. Later, in high school, students who are selected by the school and the
community are not those who are the best academically but those who are the best
athletically. And college sometimes seems to be more about sports than about learning.
The United States may be the only country in the world where people often think
of their colleges as teams first and schools second. The names Penn State, Notre
Dame and Southern Cal mean "sports" to the public.
Our sports craziness is especially
evident in the prestige (声望) given to athletes in the United
States. For one thing, we reward them with enormous salaries. In 1990, for example,
baseball players averaged 350,000 a year; the average annual salary in the United
States is 18,000. Besides their huge salaries, athletes receive the admiration,
and sometimes the votes of the public.
【答案】 Americans are too mad about sports. The media, like the TV, radio and papers, devote too much time and space to covering sports news. Besides, sports craziness is also reflected in the way Americans raise and educate their children. In addition, American athletes enjoy great prestige. The competitiveness facing them in their daily lives may partly account for their sports craziness.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇概要写作。本篇书面表达是概要写作。文章讲述了美国人对体育运动过于疯狂的现状。第一段讲述了美国人对体育运动过于疯狂的现状；第二段讲述了媒体在报道体育新闻上投入了太多的时间和空间；第三段讲述了美国人对体育运动的疯狂也反映在美国人养育和教育孩子的方式上；第四段讲述了美国运动员享有很高的声望，他们在生活中面临的竞争力可能是他们疯狂运动的部分原因。要求写出文章的主题大意和要点，要写全要点，抓住重点，要使用自己比较熟悉的词汇、短语和句型，恰当使用过渡词和连接词，以使文章连贯、流畅。要尽量使用高级词汇和句型、各种从句以及非谓语动词等高级形式，以体现较高的写作水平。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： The media, like the TV, radio and papers, devote too much time and space to covering sports news运用了插入语；Besides, sports craziness is also reflected in the way Americans raise and educate their children. 运用了限制性定语从句； The competitiveness facing them in their daily lives may partly account for their sports craziness.运用了现在分词作定语。
备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：概要写作
一、书面表达
1．（2022高三上·长沙月考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A
psychologist once said. "If you've conquered every one of your fears,
congratulations —
you're dead." This humorous quote points to a simple truth —
no one can escape fear completely.
However,
fear can be a good thing. It is a natural, healthy reaction to danger. In fact,
sometimes we are afraid of things that aren't dangerous such as public
speaking, failing a test or being rejected. These unhealthy fears can keep us from
achieving our dreams. So how can we successfully face our fears
First, admit
what you fear and then share it with someone you trust. Perhaps you worry that others
would look down on you if they know what you fear, but you might be surprised
at how many other people share the same fears. Learning you're not the only one
who fears something will give you self-esteem(自尊心) a push.
Second, ask yourself, "What is the worst scenario(最坏的情况) " This question can help you gain perspective(洞察力). If you think about it, the worst might not be that bad, after
pared with the fear of losing a contest or being turned down, the
regret of having missed opportunities can be even harder to bear. Even worse,
you will never know what you might have accomplished. Finally, take more steps
toward conquering your fears. If you fear public speaking, start by giving a
small talk to a few people. If your talk doesn't go well, try again. Each small
success will increase your confidence and persistence is one of the keys to success.
You might
never completely conquer your fear of certain things, but what is important is that
you can bring yourself to do what you fear. True bravery is feeling afraid but
doing what you have to do anyway. It's also true that you struggle with fear
and don't let your fear stop you from getting the most out of life.
2．（2022高三上·长沙开学考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have
shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower
risk of diabetes(糖尿病) than people
who eat meat. However, most people don't realize that a vegetarian diet
produces less pollution the environment.
Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently
studied how consumer behavior affects the environment. The study showed that
meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the
environment, second only to the use of motor vehicle.
Then, how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment For
a start, all farm animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep give off methane gas(沼气) by breathing. One cow can produce up to 60 liters
of methane each day. Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after
carbon dioxide. Many environmental experts now believe that it is more
responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. It is estimated that 25% of
all methane released into the air comes from farm animals.
Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the
use of water and land. 2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound
of beef while only 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of
wheat. One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40,000 pounds
of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots, or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes. However,
one acre of farmland used for raising cows can produce just 250 pounds of beef.
Many people now see the benefits of a vegetarian diet, not just for
health reasons, but also because it plays an important role in protecting the
environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally
strict vegetarian, or vegan diet. They believe a vegan diet, which excludes(拒绝) all products from animal sources, such as cheese,
eggs, and milk, can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies
need.
3．（2021高三下·杭州月考）概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
Most students
experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams, as both their parents and
teachers expect them to get high scores. Students who feel anxious are likely
to experience problems like difficulty in concentrating while studying,
confusion, feeling stressed while looking at difficult questions, feeling
blank, sweating, sleepless, etc. Under such circumstances they end up scoring
less than they could have. Therefore, it's extremely important for students to
learn about how to overcome fear, so that they can take their examination confidently,
finally earning good grades. Here are a few tips on ways to overcome exam fear.
There are many
students who take studies lightly, leaving everything to be studied at the last
minute. As a result, when exams are around the corner, they feel scared, as
they don't know where to start, and what to study. So the easiest way of
overcoming this problem is to start studying much before the exam. Another
common mistake that many students make is that they don't make an effort to
understand the subject. When they have memorized without understanding, the
chances of forgetting are more. Therefore, it is vital to understand the
concept before memorizing it. In this way, you will never forget any important
point. Besides, that the exams are coming does not mean that you have to sit
with your books for the entire day and students should take regular breaks to
relax and refresh their mind. However, they should avoid watching too much TV
and addicting themselves to the Internet, in which way, they are more likely to
waste time.
Apart from the tips
above, here are some points that will help students cope with exam-related
anxiety. For example, before the exam, avoid studying anything new or having
conversations with your classmates about what they have studied and how much
they have studied, both of which will make you more nervous. During the exam,
if you get blank after seeing difficult questions, ignore them for the time
being, and attempt those you find easier. Once you have completed them, go back
to the difficult ones.
4．（2021高三上·嘉兴月考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some people are naturally outgoing, but other people
have to practice to become outgoing. If you want to become outgoing, there are
several strategies (策略）that you can use. Being "outgoing" involves learning how
to present yourself to others, starting conversations, and being more confident
in yourself.
One of the easiest ways to present yourself is to
ask your friends, colleagues, or classmates to introduce you to their friends.
For example, if you walk into a room and your friend is talking to someone
else, make it a point to say hello and introduce yourself. The next time you
see that person, you can say hello and, since you have already been introduced,
you have built a bridge into future communication.
When you're in a social situation, such as at a
party, try to make eye contact with the other people there with a friendly
smile. If the other person responds or smiles back at you, then go over to them
and introduce yourself. That is usually a good sign for a possible conversation.
If the person does not respond, let them go their way. There's a difference
between being "outgoing" and "pushy." Another practical way
to start a conversation with others is to use compliments (赞美). When
you're attracted by certain people, you're bound to notice little things that
you appreciate. You can acknowledge these things with a sincere compliment.
Doing something that makes you feel a little
uncomfortable is a good way to promote your confidence and help you become a
more outgoing version of yourself. If you have never danced before but want to
take a ballet lesson, try it out. Do your best to fight the inner voice telling
that you can't do something or defining (定义)yourself by what you think you
should be doing instead. With each little victory, you'll gain the confidence
to step further and further outside your comfort zone.
5．（2021高三上·宁波开学考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Chimps will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war
parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as
social beings, they have little instinct to help one another. Chimps in the
wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share
food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own
food.
In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a
chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or,
with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the
next cage, he will pull at random — he just doesn't care whether his neighbor
gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From
the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to
participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has
studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children.
He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full
trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,
inform and share are not taught but naturally possessed in young children. One
is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have
started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping
behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that
social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive skills,
at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the
children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were
considerably better at understanding the social world.
The cure of what children's minds have and chimps' don't in what
Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others
know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a
shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that
intends to work toward a shared goal.
6．（2021高三上·浙江开学考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bullying
has been an exceeding issue over the years. Bullying is a major problem that we
haven't been able to stop. Every year more and more people become bullied at
school and online.What is worrying us most is that the numbers of kids who are
starting to become victims are increasing. Bullying doesn't just affect the
victims of bullying but harms everyone around it, including the bullies
themselves.
Bullying has gone viral in the new communication era. People have been bullying over the internet on social media sites such as Facebook, twitter as well as social networking sites. People have also used our new technology of texting to harass people. Cyber bullying is what it's called when you bully someone over the internet. It is really not rare to see people bullied through the internet. People who are bullied feel great pressure and many of them committed suicide, Just in 2020, as many as 1,200 teens were reported to have acted suicide because of cyber bully.
Bullying
in school is still in play as well. It may be the "old fashioned" and
it is still just as effective! School teachers should be aware that it IS
HAPPENING!!! Parents think that bullying in schools is just" a part of
school"which is complete utter nonsense! When students get bullied they
feel unsafe, scared and sad. Statistics show that on a daily average 160, 000
children miss school because they fear they will he bullied again.
Nobody
likes a bully and being one may be a nightmare of the kids. It is high time
that we attached great importance to it. Bystanders could really help stop
bullying if they stood up right when it is happening! Stop bullying on the spot
therefore it cant go anywhere or develop anymore, If a teacher or anyone sees
the bullying, don t he afraid! When adults respond quickly and consistently,
they sent the message that it is not acceptable. When stopping bullying on spot
you should intervene immediately, separate the kids involved and make sure
everyone is safe. If we all take a stand against bullying and not ignore it or
even encourage it, I believe that we can put an end to it!
7．（2021高三上·宁波月考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Architects
have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings
and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(实证的) basis.
They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people
focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches
show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity.In2007, Joan
Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's
ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings
encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more
abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more
detailed outlook.
In
addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence a
person's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell
University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase
in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard
test of attention. According to another study at the University of Georgia, using
nature to improve focus of attention seems to pay off academically. It found
that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside
the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths
than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent
study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的) light helps people to
loosen up. If that is true, generally keeping the light low during dinner or at
parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also
discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So
far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings." We have a very
limited. number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a
straw," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to
very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That's what
we're all struggling with."
8．（2020高三上·黄岛期中）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are some important
regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe
and responsible way. When kids know what the consequences are when rules aren't
followed, that makes life more predictable for them.
Most kids are not paying
for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you pay for it, you own
it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the
rules you set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell
phone, suddenly parents discover data runs out half way through the month. This
can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Also,
teen cell phone addiction should be limited. Generally, it's a good idea to
have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at e to
agreement in advance about what they are and aren't allowed to download on
their cell phone. There are some really bad apps for kids that you don't want
on their phones.
Make sure your kids
understand how to set up their privacy. Talk with them about why guarding their
privacy is so important. Many teens truly have no concept about everything that
a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their
location.
You want to cover what is
and isn't appropriate to share via a cell phone. This definitely means photos
and language used in emails and on social media. But don't forget simpler
things like providing their address, their age or what school they go to
online.
Lastly, there are times and
places when using one's cell phone is not appropriate. In movie theaters or
during class time at school the phone should be on silent and put away.
Additionally, when someone is having a face to face conversation with them,
they need to be looking at the person, not their phone.
9．（2020高三上·杭州期中）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's not just your mom's
arbitrary rule; across cultures and throughout history, elbows(手肘) on the table have long been
considered unacceptable behavior. Indeed, the Bible warns of putting your
elbows on the table, and in 1530, Dutch philosopher Erasmus repeated the same
rule. Even the etiquette(礼节) experts don't advise it. So, why have elbows on the table always
been considered rude
For earlier civilizations,
this rule functioned to prevent possible violence at the table." Table
manners prevented us from leaving our space and starting a" fight. It was
important that people saw you-as considerate or trying hard," says
Margaret Visser, author of The Rituals of Dinner. Our place setting's fork and
knife already act as an imaginary boundary for bur space at the table, so
ignoring" or breaking that border indicates that you have no regard for order
and are therefore potentially mentally ill-who: knows what else you're capable
of!
Today, while keeping your
elbows off the table can't be traced back' to a single culture or civilization,
it more belongs to the universal language of principle, which expresses two
ideas, that at mealtime one shouldn't do anything that inconveniences other
diners, and that a meal is a formal occasion where' one shouldn't behave in a
casual way.
However, that's not to say
that in the here and now leaving your' elbows on the" table will bring
dishonor upon your family. Manners develop with the times to meet our needs and
feelings. In fact, some body language now suggests that elbows on the table are
a sign of appearing engaged and focused on the conversation at hand.
Above all, being
considerate, respectful, 'and honest is more important 'than knowing which fork
to use. Whether it's a handshake or a hug, it's the sincerity behind and good
intentions of the action that matter most
10．（2020高三上·杭州月考）阅读下列短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Almost all Americans are involved
with sports in some way. They may play baseball or volleyball or go swimming or
skiing. They may watch football or basketball on the high school, college, or professional
level. In reality, sports have reached a point where they play too large a role
in daily life.
The overemphasis (过度强调) on sports can be seen most obviously in the vast media coverage of
athlete events. It seems as if every race, meet, or match is shown on one television
channel or another. In addition, sports news make up about 30 percent of local news.
Radio offers a complete list of games and a wide variety of sports shows. Furthermore,
many daily papers such as USA Today are devoting more and more space to sports coverage,
often in an attempt to attract more readers. The paper with the biggest sports section
is the one people will buy.
The way we raise and educate
our children also illustrates our sports craziness. As early as six or seven, kids
are placed in little leagues, often to play under screaming coaches and pressuring
parents. Later, in high school, students who are selected by the school and the
community are not those who are the best academically but those who are the best
athletically. And college sometimes seems to be more about sports than about learning.
The United States may be the only country in the world where people often think
of their colleges as teams first and schools second. The names Penn State, Notre
Dame and Southern Cal mean "sports" to the public.
Our sports craziness is especially
evident in the prestige (声望) given to athletes in the United
States. For one thing, we reward them with enormous salaries. In 1990, for example,
baseball players averaged 350,000 a year; the average annual salary in the United
States is 18,000. Besides their huge salaries, athletes receive the admiration,
and sometimes the votes of the public.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】 Fear, either response to danger or an obstacle to success, is unavoidable, but it can be handed properly as follows. Acknowledging what you fear and letting trustworthy people know are the first step and then consider the worst situation to get a better understanding of it. Finally, it's also important to make efforts step by against fear. Though fear can't be defeated thoroughly, you should face and struggle with it bravely to achieve the greatest gains in life.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了如何克服恐惧的一些策略。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Fear, either response to danger or an obstacle to success, is unavoidable, but it can be handed properly as follows. 运用了转折并列句，被动语态；Acknowledging what you fear and letting trustworthy people know are the first step and then consider the worst situation to get a better understanding of it.运用了动名词作主语，宾语从句； Finally, it's also important to make efforts step by against fear. 运用了it作形式主语；Though fear can't be defeated thoroughly, you should face and struggle with it bravely to achieve the greatest gains in life.运用了让步状语从句。
2．【答案】 Vegetarian diets not only are healthy but also affect the environment positively. A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment. For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide. For another, meat production consumes much more water and land than crop production. However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了介绍了素食因为对健康有利越来越受到人们的青睐，但素食主义者自己没有意识到的事情是素食对环境的影响。有关科学家研究表明人们的饮食行为会对环境造成影响，首先是农民饲养的动物排放有毒的甲烷，另外，肉食生产的过程和粮食生产的过程比较起来要耗费更多的水和土壤，但是一些营养学家不建议人们成为严格的素食主义者，人的身体需要奶酪、鸡蛋等动物产品来补充必要的维生素和矿物质。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment. 运用了宾语从句；For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide.运用了现在分词作状语； However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.运用了被动语态。
3．【答案】暂未更新
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了讲述了学生因为老师和父母的期待产生了考试焦虑症，然后针对考高分提出了建议。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本文是一篇说明文，可以从以下四个方面进行总结：老师和家长对孩子的高分的期待让孩子产生了考试焦虑；一些保证考试高分的建议：提前做好准备，理解需要记忆的内容，劳逸结合；总之在考试之前和考试之中要避免一切可能让你产生压力的事。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生需要注意紧扣文章主题，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
4．【答案】 To be an outgoing person, you can adopt some tactics. Firstly, rely on your friends for introductions when meeting their friends, which is a basic approach to leaving an initial impression on others. Then on social occasions, you can apply eye contact with a warm smile as well as give sincere praise to break the ice. Lastly, try something out of your comfort zone by managing your internal dialogues so that you can stay confident.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要讲的是有些人天生外向，但有些人需要练习才能变得外向。如果你想变得外向，有几个策略你可以使用。“外向”包括学习如何向别人展示自己，开始对话，对自己更加自信。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： To be an outgoing person, you can adopt some tactics. 运用了不定式作目的状语；Firstly, rely on your friends for introductions when meeting their friends, which is a basic approach to leaving an initial impression on others. 运用了祈使句，省略，非限制性定语从句； Lastly, try something out of your comfort zone by managing your internal dialogues so that you can stay confident.运用了目的状语从句。
5．【答案】 Unlike chimps, which have been found really selfish, human children are cooperative and this tendency to cooperate is considered a natural instinct. First, this is because this instinct happens at an early age, even before social behavior training. Besides, the helping behaviors can't be improved by rewarding and human's social intelligence develops before cognitive skills. The core of children's natural cooperativeness is called shared intentionality, which is rooted in human's sociality.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作，讲述了通过研究人们发现，大猩猩很自私，而人类的孩子却在小时候就懂得合作的重要性，并陈述了产生这种现象的原因。通读全文，我们可以按总——分的结构，从以下四点对文章进行概括：不像自私的大猩猩，人类小孩都具有合作精神，并且这种倾向不是习得的，而是一种本能。首先，这是因为这种本能在人类很小的时候，甚至在社会行为训练之前就会发生。此外，这种相互帮助的行为不能通过奖励改善，并且人类的社会智力在认知技能之前就得到了发展。儿童自然合作的核心被称为共享意向性，它植根于人类的社会性。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Unlike chimps, which have been found really selfish, human children are cooperative and this tendency to cooperate is considered a natural instinct运用了非限制性定语从句； First, this is because this instinct happens at an early age, even before social behavior training. 运用了表语从句；Besides, the helping behaviors can't be improved by rewarding and human's social intelligence develops before cognitive skills. 运用了被动语态；The core of children's natural cooperativeness is called shared intentionality, which is rooted in human's sociality.运用了非限制性定语从句。
6．【答案】【参考范文】
Bullying, which does great harm to everyone related to it, has been spreading fast over the years, especially in schools and on the net. With the developing of the net, Cyber bullying becomes more and more popular, resulting great bad effects, including shocking number of suicides School is another disaster area of bullying, with great number of kids affected. Serious as it may be, bullying can be stopped if we all take action against it immediately in a correct way.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。介绍了欺凌问题，尤其是校园欺凌和网络欺凌。随着网络的发展，网络欺凌变得越来越流行，造成了巨大的不良影响，但如果我们都立即以正确的方式采取行动，欺凌是可以被制止的。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Bullying, which does great harm to everyone related to it, has been spreading fast over the years, especially in schools and on the net.运用了非限制性定语从句；With the developing of the net, School is another disaster area of bullying, with great number of kids affected. 运用了with的复合结构，Serious as it may be, bullying can be stopped if we all take action against it immediately in a correct way.运用了倒装句。状语从句。
7．【答案】 Scientists are studying how to design the living places to benefit us. Researches show that physical environment, like the height of ceilings, can affect people's creativity. More greenness or a broader vision can improve one's attention span, and then academic performance. Dim light and round-edged furniture bring people relaxation. But so far, similar studies have been limited to a small scale.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。科学家们正在研究如何设计生活场所使人们受益。 研究表明，下面的生活环境对人们有影响，如天花板的高度会提高创造力，更多的绿色空间、更广阔的视野会让人们注意力集中，昏暗的光线和圆角的家具会让人们感到放松。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Scientists are studying how to design the living places to benefit us.运用了“疑问词+不定式”作宾语； Researches show that physical environment, like the height of ceilings, can affect people's creativity. 运用了宾语从句； But so far, similar studies have been limited to a small scale.运用了被动语态。
8．【答案】 Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. First, parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them. Besides, parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely. Lastly, it is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy. Meanwhile, when and where to use cell phones should also be told.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。介绍了父母可以采取一些重要的规定确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. 运用了不定式作目的状语；First, parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them. 运用了原因状语从句； Lastly, it is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy. 运用了it作形式主语和宾语从句；Meanwhile, when and where to use cell phones should also be told.运用了“疑问词+不定式”作主语。
9．【答案】Possible version I
Putting elbows on the table is always considered a taboo in different cultures and historical periods. In the past, the rule helped to avoid probable conflicts at table as it left people's space inviolate. Today, as a universal principle, it conveys the message that one shouldn't trouble other diners but behave well. Whereas, with manners developing, placing elbows on the table equals showing interest and concentration in some situations. Anyway, what matters most is the underlying sincerity and consideration.
Possible version II
It has long been regarded improper to put elbows on the table. Actually, for earlier civilizations, people did so to avoid possible violence during the meal. Nowadays, as a universal principle, it indicates that one shouldn't bother others or behave casually at mealtime. Nevertheless, it isn't always considered bad-mannered, but it means people are concentrated and engaged. All in all, what matters most is people's good intention and genuineness.
【知识点】文字式议论文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作。读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。这是一篇议论文，文章主要讲述了礼节。胳膊肘放在桌子上总是被认为是不礼貌的。然而，随着礼仪的发展，它并不总是被认为是没礼貌的,在某些情况下，将肘部放在桌子上等于表示出兴趣和注意力的集中。无论如何，最重要的是内在的真诚和体贴。（1）确定体裁，本文是议论文。明确主题（why have elbows on the table always been considered rude ）及结构。（2）划主题句，找关键信息。这篇概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。本文各段主题句是：1. For earlier civilizations, this rule functioned to prevent possible violence at the table.2. Today, while keeping your elbows off the table can't be traced back to a single culture or civilization, it more belongs to the universal language of principle.3. However, that's not to say that in the here and now leaving your elbows on the table will bring dishonor upon your family.4. Above all, being considerate, respectful, and honest is more important than knowing which fork to use. （3）改写。注意要点之间的衍接，要用适当的关联词语要通全文。(4)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。从范文中可以看出作者对原文要点的理解正确并呈现完整；应用语法结构和词汇准确；上下文连贯；要点表达独立；完全使用了自己的语言，语法结构准确，词汇应用丰富；所写内容与所提供内容密切相关，无文章原句。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Possible version I部分中的：Putting elbows on the table is always considered a taboo in different cultures and historical periods. 运用了动名词作主语；In the past, the rule helped to avoid probable conflicts at table as it left people's space inviolate. 运用了原因状语从句；Today, as a universal principle, it conveys the message that one shouldn't trouble other diners but behave well. 运用了同位语从句；Whereas, with manners developing, placing elbows on the table equals showing interest and concentration in some situations. 运用了with的复合结构；Anyway, what matters most is the underlying sincerity and consideration.运用了主语从句。Possible version II部分中的：It has long been regarded improper to put elbows on the table. 运用了it作形式主语；Actually, for earlier civilizations, people did so to avoid possible violence during the meal. 运用了不定式作目的状语；Nowadays, as a universal principle, it indicates that one shouldn't bother others or behave casually at mealtime. 运用了宾语从句；Nevertheless, it isn't always considered bad-mannered, but it means people are concentrated and engaged. 运用了并列句；All in all, what matters most is people's good intention and genuineness.运用了主语从句。
10．【答案】 Americans are too mad about sports. The media, like the TV, radio and papers, devote too much time and space to covering sports news. Besides, sports craziness is also reflected in the way Americans raise and educate their children. In addition, American athletes enjoy great prestige. The competitiveness facing them in their daily lives may partly account for their sports craziness.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇概要写作。本篇书面表达是概要写作。文章讲述了美国人对体育运动过于疯狂的现状。第一段讲述了美国人对体育运动过于疯狂的现状；第二段讲述了媒体在报道体育新闻上投入了太多的时间和空间；第三段讲述了美国人对体育运动的疯狂也反映在美国人养育和教育孩子的方式上；第四段讲述了美国运动员享有很高的声望，他们在生活中面临的竞争力可能是他们疯狂运动的部分原因。要求写出文章的主题大意和要点，要写全要点，抓住重点，要使用自己比较熟悉的词汇、短语和句型，恰当使用过渡词和连接词，以使文章连贯、流畅。要尽量使用高级词汇和句型、各种从句以及非谓语动词等高级形式，以体现较高的写作水平。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： The media, like the TV, radio and papers, devote too much time and space to covering sports news运用了插入语；Besides, sports craziness is also reflected in the way Americans raise and educate their children. 运用了限制性定语从句； The competitiveness facing them in their daily lives may partly account for their sports craziness.运用了现在分词作定语。