高中英语2026届高考语法复习宾语从句和定语从句知识讲解

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1、高考英语语法复习宾语从句定语从句知识讲解一、宾语从句1.什么是宾语从句？先了解什么是宾语？宾语是动作行为的对象，是动作的承受者，宾语由名词，代词，不定式或者相当于名词的词、短语来担任。She is interested in music.(名词作宾语)I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语)I decide to study hard.(不定式做宾语)I dont understand him.(代词作宾语)什么是宾语从句？例：We know Yaoming.主 谓 宾We know that he is a famous basketball player.主

2、谓 连词(主 谓 宾)总结：宾语从句是大句子套小句子。大句子是主句，小句子是从句。所谓从句有自己的一套独立的主谓成分，简单来说，宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并且有一个连接词的引导。that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，that无实际意义，不在从句中充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中可省略。补充：在主句为Be动词加某些形容词(sorry，sure，afraid，glad等)做表语时，后面所跟的省略带的从句也可以算宾语从句。例：Im sorry(that) I dont know.Im sure (that)we will finally win the game.Im afraid (

3、that )he wont pass the exam.例：I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.(主句为一般现在时，从句为任意时态)He said (that )he missed us very much.(主句为过去时从句也为过去某个时间段)The teacher told us(that) the earth movies around the sun.(从句为客观真理的都用一般现在时态)2.宾语从句三要素:连接词，语序，时态连接词whether/ if(是否)whether/if引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句。一般疑问句有是否存在例:Can

4、 you swim?He asked me if /whether I could swim.(时态一致)例:Are they good at math?She wonders if/ whether they are good at math.(时态一致)例:Has Lucy seen it?Do you know if /whether Lucy has seen it?总结:Whether或if引导的宾语从句大多由一般疑问句做直接引语转变而来的，常放在ask ，wonder，know等词后面，意为是否。一般情况下，if和whether可以互相转换。例:We dont know wheth

5、er /if we can start school soon.以下六种情况只能用weather，不能用if。从句中有or not用whether例:You will need to decide whether you like it or not.whether后接动词不定式例:Im not sure whether to go.介词后面用whether例:Im worried about whether she can finish the work on time.引导词是discuss，advise，consider等词后用weather。例:We discussed whether

6、 we would have a sports meeting next week.位于句首用weather例:Whether he will come, we dont care.引导表语从句用weather例:The question is whether its true.3.疑问词引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句。（1）疑问代词有what，who，whom，which，whose等引导宾语从句时，他们在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语等有实际意义，不可省略。Whats in the box?I dont know whats in the box.(What引导宾语从句，在从句中做主语)Who is your teacher?She wants to know who is your te

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